Columbia NURSING N5290 - A Brief overview of Vector-Borne IIlness

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Global Distribution of Schistosomiasis in Africa and the Americas: S. mansoni, S. intercalatumGlobal Distribution of Schistosomiasis in Africa and Asia: S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mekongiClinical manifestations of ShistosomiasisChild infected with ShistosomiasisShells of various snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasisThe life cycle of schistosome parasitesDistribution of lymphatic filariasis in Africa and the AmericasDistribution of lymphatic filariasis in AsiaClinical Manifestations of Lymphatic FilariasisDistribution of onchocerciasis in AfricaDistribution of onchocerciasis in the AmericasClinical Manifestations of onchocerciasis (River Blindness)A victim of river blindness (onchocerciasis)Aerial view of an abandoned village in an area affected by onchocerciasis in West AfricaBlackfly, feedingDistribution of old world and new world visceral leishmaniasisVisceral leishmaniases: KalazarDistribution of cutaneous and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis In the New WorldDistribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. tropica and L.aethiopica in the Old WorldOriental sore (cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Eastern Mediterranean)Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasisA case of cutaneous LeishmaniasisA case of cutaneous leishmaniasisSlide 27Sandfly, feedingSlide 29Anopheles gambiae, feedingGlobal distribution of MalariaNumber of cases of Malaria reported by WHOClinical Manifestations of MalariaGirl suffering from malaria in GambiaDistribution of yellow fever in AfricaDistribution of Yellow Fever in the AmericasDengue FeverDengue Hemorrhagic FeverSlide 39Dengue TreatmentChagas DiseaseSlide 42Chagas Disease TreatmentSlide 44BibliographyA Brief overview of Vector-Borne IIlnessN5290 The Science of Nursing in the CommunityJill Gallin, CPNPAssistant Professor of Clinical NursingColumbia UniversityGlobal Distribution of Schistosomiasis in Africa and the Americas: S. mansoni, S. intercalatumGlobal Distribution of Schistosomiasis in Africa and Asia: S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mekongiClinical manifestations of Shistosomiasis•Severe enlargement of liver and spleen•Intestinal involvement–Abdominal pain–Bloody diarrhoea–fatigueChild infected with ShistosomiasisShells of various snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasisThe life cycle of schistosome parasitesDistribution of lymphatic filariasis in Africa and the AmericasDistribution of lymphatic filariasis in AsiaClinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Filariasis•Elephantiasis- hyprtrophy, edema and fibrosis esp. in lower extremeties•Vector breeds in organically polluted waterDistribution of onchocerciasis in AfricaDistribution of onchocerciasis in the AmericasClinical Manifestations of onchocerciasis (River Blindness)•Long term exposure to infected black fly bites causes blindness•Affects river valley communitiesA victim of river blindness (onchocerciasis)Aerial view of an abandoned village in an area affected by onchocerciasis in West AfricaBlackfly, feedingDistribution of old world and new world visceral leishmaniasisVisceral leishmaniases: Kalazar•Parasite affects the internal organs and the disease is likely to be fatal•Arid, warm environment•Zoonosis: human disease with animal reservior, sandflies become infected by rodents and dogs.Distribution of cutaneous and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis In the New WorldDistribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. tropica and L.aethiopica in the Old WorldOriental sore (cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Eastern Mediterranean)Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis•Oriental sore, Aleppo button, Baghdad boil, Delhi sore, espundia, papalmoyo, pian bois•Lesions frequently on face•Zoonosis: human disease with animal reservior, sandflies become infected by rodents, dogs, monkeys.A case of cutaneous LeishmaniasisA case of cutaneous leishmaniasisOriental sore (cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Eastern Mediterranean)Sandfly, feedingAnopheles gambiae, feedingGlobal distribution of MalariaNumber of cases of Malaria reported by WHOClinical Manifestations of Malaria•Fever•Headache•Liver and spleen enlargement•Anemia•Cerebral malaria can be fatal in 24 hoursGirl suffering from malaria in GambiaDistribution of yellow fever in AfricaDistribution of Yellow Fever in the AmericasDengue FeverDengue is a mild viral illness transmitted by mosquitos. Treatment includes rehydration and recovery is expected. A second exposure to the virus can result in Dengue hemorrhagic fever, a life-threatening illnessDengue Hemorrhagic Fever•Severe, potentially fatal infection that occurs when someone with immunity to one type of Dengue virus is infected by a different type. It is spread by certain mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) that bite primarily during the day.•Worldwide, more than 100 million cases of dengue fever occur every year. A small percent of these develop into Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Most cases in the U.S. are brought in from other countries. •Risk factors for Dengue hemorrhagic fever include having antibodies to dengue virus from prior infection and being younger than 12, female, or Caucasian.Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever•Early symptoms of Dengue hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of Dengue fever. •After several days the patient becomes irritable, restless, and sweaty. These symptoms are followed by a shock-like state.•Bleeding may appear as petechiae and ecchymoses. •Shock may cause death. If the patient survives, recovery begins after a one-day crisis period.Dengue Treatment•Because Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by a virus for which there is no known cure or vaccine, the only treatment is to treat the symptoms.•Rehydration with intravenous (IV) fluids is often necessary to treat dehydration.•IV fluids and electrolytes are also used to correct electrolyte imbalances.•A transfusion of fresh blood or platelets can correct bleeding problems.•Oxygen therapy may be needed to treat abnormally low blood oxygen.Chagas Disease•insect-transmitted parasitic disease common in South and Central America •Spread by reduvid bugs•One of the major health problems in South America, where 20 million people are infected. Due to immigration, approximately 500,000 people in the United States are believed to be infected.Chagas Disease•Acute Phase–swelling and reddening at the site of infection –fever, malaise, and generalized swelling of the lymph nodes. –The liver and spleen may become enlarged •Chronic Phase–cardiac disease


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Columbia NURSING N5290 - A Brief overview of Vector-Borne IIlness

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