Astronomy 101, Exam #1 GName___________________________________________________________________No notes, No books. You can use a calculatorc = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kgG = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kgg = 9.8 m/s2radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 mσ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-41 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) The planet with the largest diameter is …A) SaturnB) JupiterC) UranusD) NeptuneE) Mars2) A body takes 10 years to make one orbit around the Sun. What is the body’s semi-major axis?A) 4.3 AUB) 3.7 AUC) 2.9 AUD) 3.1 AUE) 4.6 AU3) Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto were discovered by …A) Tycho Brahe.B) Galileo Galilei.C) Nicolas Copernicus.D) Aristotle.E) Johannes Kepler.4) A body is 9 Astronomical Units from the Sun. What is the body’s orbital period around the Sun?A) 9 yearsB) 27 yearsC) 81 yearsD) 101 yearsE) 3 yearsAstronomy 101, Exam #1 G5) During its orbit when a planet is at aphelion, it is …A) at its closest point to the Sun.B) at its farthest point from the Sun.C) in total shadow during an eclipse.D) in partial shadow during an eclipse.E) closest to the Moon.6) Which of the following is not a unit of distance?A) astronomical unitB) newtonC) light yearD) meterE) kilometer7) What was a flaw in Copernicus’ model of the Solar System?A) He wanted the Earth at the center.B) He wanted the Moon to be at the center.C) He did not think Mars was a planet.D) He did not think Jupiter was a planet.E) He wanted all the orbits of the planets to be perfectly circular.8) Which of these planets travels the slowest around the Sun? A) Venus B) Jupiter. C) Saturn D) Mercury E) Mars9) Who used Tycho Brahe’s data to derive his laws of planetary motion?A) Isaac NewtonB) Galileo Galilei.C) Nicolas Copernicus.D) AristotleE) Johannes Kepler.10) Jupiter never passes through which of these constellations as seen from Earth?A) VirgoB) TaurusC) LeoD) Ursa MinorE) AquariusAstronomy 101, Exam #1 G11) Which of these planets has the smallest semi-major axis? A) Earth B) Jupiter C) Venus D) UranusE) Saturn12) Which of these bodies has the smallest diameter? A) Venus B) Mercury C) Saturn D) MarsE) Pluto13) Why can’t stellar parallax be seen with the naked eye? A) Sun is too bright. B) Moon is too bright C) Stars are too far away. D) Precession of the Earth’s rotation axis changes the Earth’s North Celestial Pole.E) Direct light strikes the Northern Hemisphere in the summer.14) Precession causes … A) the Moon to orbit the Earth at a faster rate B) the position of the North Celestial Pole in the sky to vary over time C) bodies to break apart due to tidal forces D) smaller bodies to impact larger bodiesE) bodies to get brighter as they get closer to the Sun15) Who determined that the planets’ orbits around the Sun were not perfectly circular?A) Tycho Brahe.B) Galileo Galilei.C) Nicolas Copernicus.D) Aristotle.E) Johannes Kepler.Astronomy 101, Exam #1 G16) The largest tides on Earth occur during which phases of the Moon?A) first-quarter and third-quarterB) new and fullC) waning crescent and waxing crescentD) waning gibbous and waxing gibbousE) waning crescent and waxing gibbous17) The planets, the Earth, and the Sun all tend to fall in the same plane called … A) perihelion. B) aphelion. C) the ecliptic. D) retrograde motion.E) the umbra.18) The eight planets all pass through constellations that are found in the … A) celestial equator. B) horizon C) zodiac. D) celestial north pole.E) celestial south pole.19) The comet that was torn apart by tidal forces and also impacted Jupiter was called … A) Eris B) Halley C) Shoemaker-Levy 9 D) LINEAR 50E) Siding Spring 420) Why do the stars in the sky appear to move in the sky over the course of evening? A) Because the stars orbit the center of our galaxy B) Because the Moon orbits the Earth C) Because the Earth is rotating on its axis D) Because the Sun orbits the center of our galaxyE) Because the Sun is rotating on its axis21) In space, a 100 Newton force on a 5 kg body would give that body an acceleration of A) 2 m/s2 B) 5 m/s2 C) 20 m/s2 D) 50 m/s2 E) 500 m/s2Astronomy 101, Exam #1 G22) Eris’ moon is called …A) CharonB) Dysnomia.C) CeresD) IoE) Europa23) Which of these objects is considered a dwarf planet? A) Ceres B) Deimos C) Mercury D) Phobos E) Io24) The second planet from the Sun is … A) Mercury B) VenusC) Saturn D) NeptuneE) Earth25) The largest moon of Pluto is … A) Ceres B) CharonC) Haumea D) Makemake E) Ganymede26) Which of these bodies is not considered a dwarf planet?A) PlutoB) HaumeaC) ErisD) VegaE) Makemake27) How many meters are in 100,000 kilometers? A) 1 x 104 meters B) 1 x 105 meters C) 1 x 106 meters D) 1 x 107 metersE) 1 x 108 metersAstronomy 101, Exam #1 G28) Put these planets in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter:Largest SmallestA) Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury, VenusB) Neptune, Jupiter, Mercury, VenusC) Jupiter, Neptune, Venus, MercuryD) Jupiter, Venus, Neptune, MercuryE) Neptune, Jupiter, Venus, Mercury29) A solar eclipse occurs during a … A) New MoonB) Full Moon C) First Quarter MoonD) Third Quarter Moon E) Waning Crescent30) Seasons on the Earth are a consequence of …A) the varying distance between the Earth and the Sun during the year. B) the varying speed of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun. C) the precession of the Earth's rotation axis. D) the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic. E) the tilt of the Moon's orbital plane relative to the ecliptic.31) Which of these statements is one of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?A) The orbit of every planet is a circle with the sun at the center.B) The cube of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the square root of the semi-major axis of its orbit.C) The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.D) Planet closer to the Sun move slower than planets farther from the SunE) All planets have cleared the neighborhood of their orbit.32) You are standing on the Earth's equator. Which way is Polaris? A) On the northern horizon.B)
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