NHM 315 1nd Edition Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. Class IntroductionOutline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 1- Introduction to Sports Nutrition III.Chapter 2- Defining and Measuring EnergyCurrent Lecture Sports Nutrition- The application of nutrition and exercise physiology principles to support and enhance trainingand performance- Training and nutrition go hand in hand- Proper nutrition supports the demands of physical training and recovery- Most athletes recognize the benefits of proper nutrition, but fail to implementPhysical Activity- bodily movement that results in an increase in energy expenditure about resting levelsExercise- that is planned, structured repetitive, and purposeful for improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitnessSports- Competitive physical activity Aerobic- Exercise that primarily uses the oxygen-dependent energy system, oxidative phosphorylationAnaerobic- Exercise that primarily uses one of both energy systems that are not dependent on oxygen, creatine phosphate or anaerobic glycolysisPeriodization- the creation of time periods with distinct training goals and nutrition plan to support the trainingMacrocycle- the big picture that begins at the onset of training until the goalMesocycle- the parts or shorter time periods within the macrocycleMicrocycle- the part of the mesocycle. Typically a week long microcycleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Training and Nutrition Plan Timing-Preparation-Competition-Transition (off season)Dietary Supplements- General Characteristics-Regulations in the U.S. minimal -May contain banned substances-Most have not been well studied in athletes-Few dose-response studies-Few have been shown to enhance performance-There is no substitute for disciplined training and proper dietSupplements- The Professional’s Role-Provide as much unbiased, scientific information as possible-People who sell supplements are not a source of unbiased information-Express concerns about potential side effectsScope of Practice for Exercise-Professional boundaries-Exercise-related certifications-American College of Sports Medicine-National Strength and conditioning Association-National Athletic Trainers Association Chapter 2Energy in the Body-Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)-A high energy phosphate compound use in reactions in the body that can store and release energy-ATP during exercise- 100% energy- down to 70% starts FatigueMeasuring Energy-Calorie- the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C.-Calories and Kilocalories (kcal) are equal to 1,000 calories.-Food labels in the U.S. use Calories as the unit of measure-In everyday language the word calorie is used, but it actual means Calorie (1000 calories)-Food-Measured by bomb calorimetry-Dietary analysis-Energy Expanded-Measured by indirect calorimetry-Predictive EquationsBomb Calorimetry-Food Samples are burned-The resulting heat energy is precisely measured as a change in temperatureDietary Analysis-24 hour call-Food records-Food frequency questionnaire-Online food journalsEnergy in, Energy out-Energy in- Food-Energy out-RMR, Activities of daily living, & exerciseComponents of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)-Includes- Physical Activity, Thermic effect of food, & Resting metabolismEnergy Expenditure & Metabolism-TEE-estimates of the amount of energy expended in a 24 hour period-Includes metabolism, thermic effect of food and PA-Basal Metabolism (BMR)-Minimal energy expenditure compatible with life-Resting Metabolism (RMR)-Resting Metabolism-10% higher than BMR, but often used interchangeablyDietary Analysis in Athletes-Food Diary-1,3, &7, days of everything eaten and drank-Error in types of food and amounts-All persons, including athletes, underestimate intake-Underestimate portion sizes-Athletes may consciously or unconsciously under eat when recording the dietary intakeWhat influences metabolism?-Gender-Genetics-Age-Body size-Self restriction of food-Amount of fat-free tissue-Exercise-Environmental Temperature-High