NHM 315 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Class Introduction Outline of Current Lecture II Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports Nutrition III Chapter 2 Defining and Measuring Energy Current Lecture Sports Nutrition The application of nutrition and exercise physiology principles to support and enhance training and performance Training and nutrition go hand in hand Proper nutrition supports the demands of physical training and recovery Most athletes recognize the benefits of proper nutrition but fail to implement Physical Activity bodily movement that results in an increase in energy expenditure about resting levels Exercise that is planned structured repetitive and purposeful for improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness Sports Competitive physical activity Aerobic Exercise that primarily uses the oxygen dependent energy system oxidative phosphorylation Anaerobic Exercise that primarily uses one of both energy systems that are not dependent on oxygen creatine phosphate or anaerobic glycolysis Periodization the creation of time periods with distinct training goals and nutrition plan to support the training Macrocycle the big picture that begins at the onset of training until the goal Mesocycle the parts or shorter time periods within the macrocycle Microcycle the part of the mesocycle Typically a week long microcycle These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Training and Nutrition Plan Timing Preparation Competition Transition off season Dietary Supplements General Characteristics Regulations in the U S minimal May contain banned substances Most have not been well studied in athletes Few dose response studies Few have been shown to enhance performance There is no substitute for disciplined training and proper diet Supplements The Professional s Role Provide as much unbiased scientific information as possible People who sell supplements are not a source of unbiased information Express concerns about potential side effects Scope of Practice for Exercise Professional boundaries Exercise related certifications American College of Sports Medicine National Strength and conditioning Association National Athletic Trainers Association Chapter 2 Energy in the Body Adenosine Triphosphate ATP A high energy phosphate compound use in reactions in the body that can store and release energy ATP during exercise 100 energy down to 70 starts Fatigue Measuring Energy Calorie the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C Calories and Kilocalories kcal are equal to 1 000 calories Food labels in the U S use Calories as the unit of measure In everyday language the word calorie is used but it actual means Calorie 1000 calories Food Measured by bomb calorimetry Dietary analysis Energy Expanded Measured by indirect calorimetry Predictive Equations Bomb Calorimetry Food Samples are burned The resulting heat energy is precisely measured as a change in temperature Dietary Analysis 24 hour call Food records Food frequency questionnaire Online food journals Energy in Energy out Energy in Food Energy out RMR Activities of daily living exercise Components of Total Energy Expenditure TEE Includes Physical Activity Thermic effect of food Resting metabolism Energy Expenditure Metabolism TEE estimates of the amount of energy expended in a 24 hour period Includes metabolism thermic effect of food and PA Basal Metabolism BMR Minimal energy expenditure compatible with life Resting Metabolism RMR Resting Metabolism 10 higher than BMR but often used interchangeably Dietary Analysis in Athletes Food Diary 1 3 7 days of everything eaten and drank Error in types of food and amounts All persons including athletes underestimate intake Underestimate portion sizes Athletes may consciously or unconsciously under eat when recording the dietary intake What influences metabolism Gender Genetics Age Body size Self restriction of food Amount of fat free tissue Exercise Environmental Temperature High Altitude Caffeine