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Types of MovementTypes of ContractionSlide 3Recruitment of MusclesSlide 5Slide 6Effects of ConditioningSlide 8Slide 9Types of Movement•strength - greatest amount of force muscle can produce in single effort•power - rate of force generated•endurance - ability to perform repeated submaximal contractions•flexion and extension •abduction and adduction•rotationTypes of Contraction•isometric tension causes no change in length–fibers shorten internally•countered by antagonist–ex: cutting horse poised•concentric–muscle shortens as it generates tension–ex: flexor or extensor•eccentric–muscle lengthens as it generates tension–used to resist force–ex: flexor to control extensor and stabilize joint•muscles develop greatest tension with eccentric contraction–more soreness •downhill work•drop fences•collected frameRecruitment of Muscles•affected by gait, speed, and duration of exercise–change gait •use different muscles–change speed •recruit more fibers for increases force•controlled by nervous system–fibers vary in their sensitivity to impulse•walk–mostly ST fibers–only 10% of total fibers needed•trot–ST and FOG–trot about 30 - 50 % fibers recruited•canter –more FG fibers recruited•gallop (full out) –100 % fibers recruitedEffects of Conditioning•changes structure and chemical composition of fiber•twitch type does not change ( ST vs. FT )•hypertrophy - muscle growth–increases size and weight•unfit - 42% of BW•fit 50 % BW–chemical effects•increase enzyme levels•increase amount of energy substrate stored•affects vary with intensity, duration, and frequency of regular exercise•endurance training–increase aerobic capacity•increase in aerobic enzyme activity–shift in preference of substrate use (fats)•increase number of oxidative fibers (FG to FOG)–rapid increase - first 2 months of training•increase volume density of mitochondria•increase capillary density–decrease speed and power•decrease fiber diameter–slow adaptation - several months–more efficient use of ATP with O2•increase speed at which VLa4 occurs•sprint training (anaerobic)–increase power •increase diameter of glycolytic fibers–maximum force generated is proportional to cross sectional area–increase number actin and myosin myofibrils–increase amount of connective tissue–decrease aerobic capacity•decrease number capillaries for fiber area–improve buffering capacity in muscle fiber•delay decrease of


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ISU ANS 313 - Types of Movement

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