BA 471 – Telecommunications and NetworkingOutlineSome Basic Characteristics of Effective Human CommunicationSome Basic Characteristics of Telecommunication NetworksWired Transmission MediaWireless TransmissionSlide 7Network Design How to support full connectivity?Network Design Find an economic internetworking solutionSome Network Design Issues Major Cost ComponentsNetwork Design Management How to design a feasible and economical internetwork?Example 1Slide 13Slide 14Some Network TopologiesSlide 16Slide 17BA 471 – Telecommunications and NetworkingDr. V.T. RajaOregon State [email protected]•Introduction–Analogy with effective human communication•Network Design and TopologySome Basic Characteristics of Effective Human Communication•Sender/Receiver•Messages (Words)•Transmission MediaAir/Printed Page•Speak same language or have an Interpreter•Less noisy room (or) talk loudSome Basic Characteristics of Telecommunication Networks•Source; Destination – Host•Signals (Digital/Analog) –Modulation (digital to analog)–Demodulation (analog to digital)–Done by a Modem•Transmission Media–Wired/Wireless•Communications Protocols/Standards•Amplifiers/Repeaters/Internetworking DevicesWired Transmission Media•Coaxial (like cable TV)•Twisted Pair–Copper–Shielded and twisted to reduce noise•Fiber Optic–Much faster–Able to go longer distances without a repeater–Uses light not electricity–Multi-color lights vastly increases capacity–ExpensiveWireless Transmission•Infrared (as in a TV remote)•Radio Signals (as in microwave transmissions)•Satellites–http://www.orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/index.html–GEOS: Geosynchronous Earth Orbiting Satellites – stationary orbit at 22,300 miles above the Earth–LEOS: Low Earth Orbiting Satellites•Closer to the Earth and reachable from mobile devices•200-1,000 miles above the Earth•Not stationary, goes around the Earth in about 90 minutes•60-70 LEOS are needed to cover the EarthSome Basic Characteristics of Telecommunication Networks•Source; Destination – Host•Signals (Digital/Analog) •Transmission Media•Communications Protocols/Standards•Amplifiers/Repeaters and other Internetworking Devices (e.g., hubs, switches, routers, multiplexers)Network DesignHow to support full connectivity?Design the most economic internetwork Design the most economic internetwork between “end-user nodes” and an existingbetween “end-user nodes” and an existing WANWANUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernode UsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeWANNetwork DesignFind an economic internetworking solutionUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeA direct connection toa WAN backbone nodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeConnection viamultiplexersSome Network Design IssuesMajor Cost ComponentsAcquisition and installation costs of a MUXAcquisition and installation costs of a MUXCost of high bandwidth link between MUX Cost of high bandwidth link between MUX and WAN (Internet)and WAN (Internet)Cost of low bandwidth link between end-Cost of low bandwidth link between end-user node and MUXuser node and MUXA Multiplexer (MUX) consolidates several (many?) slow A Multiplexer (MUX) consolidates several (many?) slow links (local networks or single nodes) and connects them to a links (local networks or single nodes) and connects them to a fast link (e.g. a WAN such as the Internet).fast link (e.g. a WAN such as the Internet).Network Design ManagementHow to design a feasible and economical internetwork?Find an optimal number of MUXs to interconnect all Find an optimal number of MUXs to interconnect all given user nodes to some existing WAN such that ... given user nodes to some existing WAN such that ... All user nodes are connectedAll user nodes are connected User communication requirements are satisfiedUser communication requirements are satisfied Capacity constraints on each MUX is not violatedCapacity constraints on each MUX is not violated Total internetworking costs are minimizedTotal internetworking costs are minimized Topology issues are consideredTopology issues are consideredExample 1Example 2Example 3Some Network TopologiesStar topologyStar topologyBus topologyBus topologyRing topologyRing topologyMesh topologyMesh topologyPhysical versus logical topologyPhysical versus logical
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