Body of Knowledge Module 3Management Theories, Roles, Motivation, and CommunicationThese modules were originally written by Stephen Quilty, A.A.E., and have been updatedby the AAAE BOE, AAAE staff, and industry experts.2004/2005@All Rights ReservedAmerican Association of Airport ExecutivesContentsModule Objective .............................................................................................. 1Management Theories and Roles ...................................................................... 2Classical Approach ................................................................................... 2Behavioral Approach ................................................................................ 5Management Science Approach ........................................................................ 6Integrative Systems Approach .................................................................. 7Managerial Roles ...................................................................................... 9Role Conflict .......................................................................................... 11Leadership Principles ...................................................................................... 11Leader Trait Approach............................................................................ 11Leadership by Assumptions.............................................................. 12The Leader Style Approach .............................................................. 13The Leader Behavior Approach ....................................................... 13Managerial Grid Approach ............................................................... 13Contingency and Situational Approaches......................................... 14Present Leadership Thought ............................................................. 15Motivation Principles..................................................................................... 16Content Theories..................................................................................... 17Hierarchy of Needs Theory .............................................................. 17Two-Factor Theory ........................................................................... 18Acquired Needs Theory ................................................................... 19Process Theories ..................................................................................... 19Equity Theory ................................................................................... 19Path-Goal Theory ............................................................................. 20Expectancy Theory ........................................................................... 20Reinforcement Theory ............................................................................ 21Workplace Violence ................................................................................ 22Communication Principles .............................................................................. 23Communication Process .................................................................................. 23Listening and Feedback ......................................................................... 24Classes of Communication ..................................................................... 25Organizational Communication and Networks ...................................... 27Conflict Management ...................................................................................... 27Summary.......................................................................................................... 29Study Questions................................................................................................31TablesTable A Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management ............................................................. 3FiguresFigure 1 Sample Gantt Chart ........................................................................................ 4Figure 2 Systems Model View of an Organization ....................................................... 7Figure 3 Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ...................................................... 17Figure 4 Frederick Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation ............................. 18Module ObjectivesCan you....1. identify the key management theorists who helped to developmanagement thought and practices?2. discern the differences among the various approaches to managementbehavior?3. recognize and explain the different roles that managers are expectedto perform?4. describe the basic premises behind the different motivational theoriespresented in the module?5. describe different strategies used by leaders to influence others tofollow?6. explain the differences between motivational content and processtheories?7. describe the communication process and the barriers to effectivecommunication?8. describe the different communication networks and their characteristicsthat exist in an organization?9. explain the important characteristics and components associated withmanaging conflict?10. explain the acronyms, terms and common phrases used in the module?1Objective 1 and 2An airport manager is a leader of people. In that role, part of the job responsi-bilities involves bringing out the best in airport employees. The more anairport manager can create a work environment comfortable to the employees,the better the chance the employees will excel in their respective skills. Whenairport employees work together, the accomplishments are notable, and theairport is the beneficiary.More specifically, the airport users are the initial beneficiaries, because the servicelevel provided is much higher. The employee accomplishments set the reputationfor the airport, which some might describe as “priceless.” But in the end, the realwinners are the employees and the airport manager. By working together, the sumof their efforts is greater than what they could accomplish individually. Manage-ment techniques can organize and facilitate employee efforts.Management Theories and RolesA theory is a general body of assumptions and principles used to describe aparticular set of facts or some observed phenomenon. Management theories areattempts to explain or describe the conditions and behaviors associated with themanagement functions. The extent to which a theory completely and accuratelydescribes a set of