Plate TectonicsHeather ValenzuelaGrade Level: 9 Key Concepts: The crust and upper mantle form the lithosphere and this is the basis of plate tectonics.There are different types of plate interactions; interactions cause earthquakes and volcanoes. Vocabulary that may be new to students: LatitudeLongitudeDivergentConvergentTransformConvection Activity/ Homework:Lecture about plate tectonics with PowerPoint and animations.Homework: Questions from activity EALR/GLE for this lesson: 1.2.4. Analyze the patterns and arrangements of Earth systems and subsystems including the core, the mantle, tectonic plates, the hydrosphere, and layers of the atmosphere.Student Learning Objectives: Students will be able to explain why earthquakes and volcanoes are associated with plate boundariesDescription of Plans: Time Activity MaterialsLecture50 minFirst off, review, go over homeworkThen = globe 360o latitude - horizontal – parallels poles = 90 deg. – equator = 0 deg.longitude – vertical – meridians Not parallel – Prime Meridian = 0 deg. Antipodal = 180 W & E Minutes 1/60 Seconds 1/60 GPSThen, do activity in groups of four When you are done, start discussing the questionsRing of fire – Zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity Board, markersPowerPoint projector/TV attachmentMap handoutsaround the Pacific Basin *Picture - Mt. Rainier (Cascades) St. HelensHot spots – Volcanoes which occur in the middle of a plate, rather thanthe edge, as is usual *Animation hot spot volcanoesThen talk about 3 types of places plates meet (Plate Boundaries):Divergent – plates move apartSea = mid-AtlanticBoth = Iceland - *PictureLand = Great Rift Valley from the Middle East to Africa - Like Taffy *Animation = riftingConvergent – plates move together2 continental = mountains - India-Himalayas - rising about 5 mm/year1 continental, 1 oceanic = oceanic is more dense, is subducted beneath2 oceanic = one subducted Transform – plates slide past each other = San Andres fault in California*Animation – Basic plate boundaries*Picture – all together with convectionMagnetic field – earth is a dipole - North and South – the magnetic field is thought to be caused by convection in the liquid outer core and the Coriolis Effect which causes rolls which corresponds to the N-S axis.Magnetosphere - the region around an astronomical object in which phenomena are dominated or organized by its magnetic field*PicturePeriodic magnetic reversal of earth’s field – not sure what causes it, but seems to occur during periods of low field strength*Animation - Magnetic ReversalsEvidence supporting plate tectonic theoryThe last such event, called the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal, is theorized to have occurred some 780,000 years ago.Were humans around then? No, but other primates were.(Modern forms of Homo sapiens first appear about 195,000 years ago3.2 million-year-old Lucy)Not sure what the effect on people would be, but pretty sure it would have an effect on our modern electronic devices.ASSESSMENT:Answer questions 2, 4, and 6 from the map exercise.Websites:
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