Review For Exam 1Introduction to Information SystemsSummary QuestionsData versus InformationInformation SystemsROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN ITSlide 7Administrative Information SystemsDSS structureDSS’ Model Management ToolsExpert Systems ComponentsHardware TechnologySlide 13Processing subsystemCentral Processing UnitPrimary StorageFront Side Bus and NorthbridgeTerminologySlide 19SoftwareSlide 21Slide 22Main Types of SoftwareOperating Systems (OS)OS: MultiprogrammingOS: Virtual MemoryUtility SoftwareDatabase SystemsSlide 29Basic Concepts of Data ManagementBasic Concepts in Data Management1Review ForExam 1BUS3500 - Abdou Illia, Spring 2008(Thursday 1/24/2008)2Introduction to Information Systems3Summary QuestionsNotes1) Distinguish between Data and Information2) List/Explain main components of an information system3) What is the difference between Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) in terms of their targeted users?4) What is the difference between Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Executive Information Systems (EIS) in terms of their target users.5) What is the difference between Chief Information Officer and Chief Security Officer?6) What is a Chief Knowledge Officer responsible for? 7) (a) What are the major components in a DSS? (b) What is the function of each?8) What is an Expert System? What are the main components of an Expert system? What is a knowledge engineer?4Data versus InformationData – raw facts that represent the characteristics of an eventExample 1:Event: High temperatureData: 100° FExample 2:Event: SaleData: Sale’s date, item number, item description, etc.Information – facts within a given contextThe temperature today at noon in Times Square, NYC was 100° FMonday’s total sales for item #0001 is $1200.00I P O5Information SystemsA set of interrelated information technologies that work together to collect, store, process, and distribute informationMajor components of information systemsHardware (physical parts of a computer or other computing devices)Software (Instructions that tell hardware what to do)Databases (Software that enables storage/retrieval of data)Networks (Computing devices that communicate with each other)PeopleInformation technology (IT): Computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organizationInformationTechnologies6ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN ITInformation Technology is a relatively new functional area, having only been around formally for around 40 yearsRecent IT strategic positions include:Chief Information Officer (CIO)Chief Technology Officer (CTO)Chief Security Officer (CSO)Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)7ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN ITChief Information Officer (CIO) Oversees all uses of IT Ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectivesChief Security Officer (CSO) Responsible for ensuring the security of IT systemsResponsible for developing security policies and strategiesResponsible for controlling implementation of security policies and strategiesChief Knowledge Officer (CKO) Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization’s knowledgeResponsible for supervising the implementation of knowledge systems8Administrative Information SystemsTransaction Processing Systems (TPS)Basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) in an organizationOffice Automation Systems (OAS)Systems designed to help office workers in doing their job.Decision Support Systems (DSS)Systems designed to support middle managers and business professionals during the decision-making processExecutive Information Systems (EIS)Specialized DSS that help senior level executives make decisions.9DSS structureDesigned to help middle managers make decisionsMajor componentsData management subsystemInternal and external data sourcesModel management subsystemTypically mathematical in natureUser interfaceHow the people interact with the DSSData visualization is the keyTextGraphsChartsUserInterfaceModel Management- Sensitivity Analysis -> What-if Analysis -> Goal-seeking AnalysisData Management- Transactional Data- Data warehouse- Business partners data- Economic data10DSS’ Model Management ToolsSimulation is used to examine proposed solutions and their impactSensitivity analysisDetermine how changes in one part of the model influence other parts of the modelWhat-if analysisManipulate variables to see what would happen in given scenariosGoal-seeking analysisWork backward from desired outcomeDetermine monthly payment given various interest rates.Works backward from a given monthly payment to determine various loans that would give that payment.11Expert Systems ComponentsKnowledge base: database of the expertise, often in IF THEN rules. Inference engine: derives recommendations from knowledge base and problem-specific data User interface: controls the dialog between the user and the system Explanation system: Explain the how and why of recommendationsKnowledgebaseDomain ExpertKnowledge EngineerExpertiseExplanationSystemInferenceEngineUserInterfaceUserSystem EngineerEncoded expertiseIFfamily is albatross ANDcolor is whiteTHENbird is laysan albatross.IFfamily is albatross ANDcolor is darkTHENbird is black footed albatrossExample of rules- Knowledge engineer codify the human expert’s expertise into the systems’ knowledge base.- System engineer is the IT professional who develop the user interface, the inference engine, and the explanation system.12Hardware Technology13Summary QuestionsNotes1) Name five (3) computer input devices2) Name three (3) computer output devices3) What computer devices can be used for both input and output?4) What is the difference between: (a) a Kilobyte and a Gigabyte? (b) a Megabyte and a Gigabyte?5) Name the two main types of monitors used in today’s computer systems.6) (a) Name main components of the Processing subsystem. (b) What is the function of the ALU?7) Explain the difference between RAM and ROM.8) Describe the various types of computers.9) Distinguish between primary and secondary storage14Processing subsystemMotherboard: chipset that all components connect toTwo major components in processing subsys.CPU