DOC PREVIEW
SKIDMORE PS 306 - PS 306 Exam 2

This preview shows page 1-2 out of 6 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

ID# Exam 2 PS 306, Spring 2002As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect. Keep your eyes focused on your ownexam. Read each question carefully and answer it completely, showing all your work. Ifyou detect problems with designs, be sure to make mention of those problems in youranswer. Once again, think of a point as a minute. If you stick to that pace, you’llcomplete the exam in plenty of time. Good luck!1. We’d briefly discussed the Dutton & Aron bridge study in class. In that study, elevatedphysiological arousal of the male participants was presumed to be the root cause of agreater attraction to the young woman waiting at the end of the high rope bridge ascompared to the perceived attraction from the non-elevated physiological arousal thatfollowed crossing a stable concrete bridge. But maybe the perceived attraction had to dowith elements other than physiological arousal. Dutton & Aron also used only maleparticipants. As an extension of their study, suppose that male and female participants aregiven one of three levels of epinephrine [None (saline), Small, Large] to produce varyinglevels of physiological arousal. After 5 minutes (to allow the drug to have its effect),participants were shown a picture of the face a person who had previously been judgedby other people to be moderately attractive (4 on a 7-point scale of attractiveness). Forthe male participants, the picture was of a female face. For the female participants, thepicture was of a male face. Each participant rated the attractiveness of the target face on a7-point scale. Complete the analysis of this 2x3 independent groups design and interpretthe results as completely as you can. [10 pts]8 4.875 1.126 .3988 4.000 .926 .3278 4.500 1.195 .4238 6.250 .707 .2508 4.000 1.309 .4638 5.250 1.035 .366Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.Female, LargeFemale, NoneFemale, SmallMale, LargeMale, NoneMale, SmallMeans Table for Attraction ScoreEffect: Gender * Epinephrine2. Power…it’s all about power! [15 pts]First of all, clearly define power.Jacob Cohen and others have advocated working to achieve a level of power of roughly.80. What does such a level of power say about the level of Type II Error that these folksare willing to tolerate? What does that say about people’s tolerance for Type II Errorscompared to Type I Errors?Finally, tell me very explicitly how you would design a study to maximize its power (i.e.,talk about the aspects of the design on which you would focus to achieve the greatestpower).3. Repeated measures designs are more powerful than independent groups designs. Theyare also more efficient. First, determine the number of participants needed to achieve aminimum of 25 scores per cell in the following 3x5 designs. Then use that information toillustrate (briefly) the efficiency of a repeated measures design. [15 pts]B1B2B3B4B5A1A2A3Completely BetweenHow many total participants would you need?How many total pieces of data would occur in the entire experiment?Completely WithinHow many total participants would you need?How many total pieces of data would occur in the entire experiment?Mixed (A independent groups and B repeated measures)How many total participants would you need?How many total pieces of data would occur in the entire experiment?Mixed (A repeated measures and B independent groups)How many total participants would you need?How many total pieces of data would occur in the entire experiment?What does all the above information say about efficiency?4. Dr. Reeder was interested in the extent to which people believe reports that they readin various media. To that end, he constructs three stories: Plausible, Barely Believable,and Implausible. For example, the Plausible story would describe the details of an actualevent (such as an armed robbery). The Barely Believable story would describe a situationthat might be true, but seems unlikely (such as the number of women with whom WiltChamberlain claimed to have had sexual relations). Finally, the Implausible story woulddescribe a situation that seems extraordinarily unlikely (such as the sighting of a thinElvis Presley). Each of the three stories was set up (on proper paper, with proper font,etc.) so that they appeared to have come from one of four sources: The New York Times,The National Enquirer, Newsweek, and People Magazine. Each participant read one ofthe 12 possible stories and rated its credibility on a scale from 1 (Absolutely convincedthat the story was not true) to 7 (Absolutely convinced that the story was true). Thus, thisis a 3x4 independent groups design. Complete the analysis below and tell Dr. Reederwhat he should conclude from the analyses of these data. [20 pts]5 2.200 1.095 .4905 1.400 .548 .2455 5.000 .707 .3165 5.400 .894 .4005 2.600 1.140 .5105 6.200 .837 .3745 6.000 .707 .3165 3.800 .837 .3745 6.600 .548 .2455 4.000 1.000 .4475 1.800 .837 .3745 6.200 .837 .374Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.Enquirer, Barely BelEnquirer, ImplausibleEnquirer, PlausibleNewsweek, Barely BelNewsweek, ImplausibleNewsweek, PlausibleNY Times, Barely BelNY Times, ImplausibleNY Times, PlausiblePeople, Barely BelPeople, ImplausiblePeople, PlausibleMeans Table for CredibilityEffect: Source * Story5. Adapted from Huck & Sandler’s Rival Hypotheses:a. Current theories of hunger place the main responsibility on…the hypothalamus. Thehypothalamus monitors the chemical content of the blood and triggers eating responses atappropriate times. It has even been shown that certain surgical lesions in thehypothalamus of rats can lead to nonstop eating — the rats literally eat themselves todeath. Earlier theories of hunger, however, were not so sophisticated. They were basedmainly on the assumption that the stomach had a causal influence on the brain — that is,since hunger pangs were often reported by those who were hungry, it seemed logical tolook at the influence of stomach contractions on hunger.One of the earliest studies in this area was done by two researchers (Cannon andWashburn, 1912) who had human participants swallow a small balloon that was theninflated. The air pressure in the “gastric balloon” was affected by stomach contractionsthat were transmitted by a recording device. The participants were also asked to indicateeach time a hunger pang was felt. The researchers took the strong positive correlationbetween stomach contractions and hunger pangs to mean that the contractions caused thepangs. What would you say? [10


View Full Document

SKIDMORE PS 306 - PS 306 Exam 2

Download PS 306 Exam 2
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view PS 306 Exam 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view PS 306 Exam 2 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?