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MSU FW 893 - Fish Population Dynamics

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Key PointsSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25TimeTimeNumbersNumbersSteadyIrregularTimeTimeNumbersNumbersSpasmodicCyclicalIrruptionTimeNumbersIncreasingThought Question You stock a pond with 10 fish. What factors would influence the population dynamics of this new population?Key Points•What is the rate of increase when population is reduced•What is the eventual number that is achieved•How does the rate of increase and number achieved vary in response to the fishery, habitat changes, or changes in other aquatic populations?TimeNumbersB = D B > D B < DTimeNumbers in CohortMammalsBirdsFishSurvival CurvesTimeNumber in CohortSalmonYellow PerchSemelparousIterparousChanges in Size Birth WeightAdult weightRatioMammals Humans3,000 g 68,000 g 23BirdsMallard50 1,100 g 22FishYellow Perch0.001 g 300 g 300,0000.0001 0.01 1 100 10,000 1,000,00002468101214Weight (grams)Mortality Rate0.0001 0.01 1 100 10,000 1,000,000020406080100Weight (grams)Percent SurvivalMammalsDeterminategrowthBirdsDeterminategrowthAgeFishIndeterminategrowth0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1602004006008001,0001,200AgeNumber in Cohort20% mortality 50% mortality 80% mortalityLongevity: Age 20 Age 8 Age 40 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160200400600800AgeLength (mm)0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16050100150200250300350AgeLength (mm)HaddockYellow Perch1 2 3 4 501,0002,0003,0004,0005,000AgeNumber of Eggs1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,000AgeNumber of EggsHaddockYellow PerchReproductive GuildsA. Nonguarders -open substrate spawners -brood hiders - lots of small eggsB. Guarders -substrate choosers -nest spawners -larger eggsC. Bearers -external bearers -internal bearers -larger offspringHermaphroditismProtandrystart life as a male, then become femalesea basses and groupersProtogynystart life as a female, then become malewrasses, parrot fishSelf-fertilizingsimultaneously male and femalesea basses and groupersParthenogenesisFemale onlyMollies - in this case, male is needed to initiate egg development, but no gene transferHermaphroditism•Protandry•Start life as a male, then become female•Sea basses and groupers•Protogyny•Start life as a female, then become male•Wrasses, parrot fish•Self-fertilizing•Simultaneously male and female•Sea basses and grouper•Parthenogenesis•Female only•Some mollies – in this case, male is needed to initiate egg development but no gene transfer•Very common in Cladocerans (Daphnia, or “water fleas”)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100100200300400500600AgeNum berFishing Mortality=10%1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100100200300400500600AgeN u m b e rCatch Natural DeathsNatural Mortality=20%Fishing Mortality=50%Natural Mortality=20%Natural Mortality=20%Fishing Mortality=10%Natural Weight (g) Yield (kg)Age Population Catch MortalityTotal Deaths1 1000 86 173 259 67 5.82 741 64 128 192 483 30.93 549 47 95 142 1177 55.84 407 35 70 105 1968 69.15 301 26 52 78 2714 70.66 223 19 39 58 3354 64.77 165 14 29 43 3861 55.18 122 11 21 32 4269 45.29 91 8 16 24 4569 35.810 67 6 12 17 4803 27.9460.9Natural Mortality=20%Fishing Mortality=50%NaturalWeight (g)Yield (kg)Age Population Catch Mortality Total Deaths1 1000 360 144 503 67 24.12 497 179 71 250 483 86.23 247 89 35 124 1177 104.44 122 44 18 62 1968 86.75 61 22 9 31 2714 59.36 30 11 4 15 3354 36.47 15 5 2 8 3861 20.88 7 3 1 4 4269 11.49 4 1 1 2 4569 6.110 2 1 0 1 4803 3.2438.6Natural Mortality=20%Fishing Mortality=20%NaturalWeight (g)Yield (kg)Age Population Catch Mortality Total Deaths1 1000 165 165 330 67 11.02 670 110 110 221 483 53.33 449 74 74 148 1177 87.24 301 50 50 99 1968 97.75 202 33 33 67 2714 90.36 135 22 22 45 3354 74.87 91 15 15 30 3861 57.78 61 10 10 20 4269 42.89 41 7 7 13 4569 30.710 27 5 5 9 4803 21.6567.3Natural Mortality=20%Fishing Mortality=50% beginning at age 3NaturalWeight (g)Yield (kg)Age Population Catch Mortality Total Deaths1 1000 0 181 181 67 0.02 819 0 148 148 483 0.03 670 241 96 337 1177 283.84 333 120 48 168 1968 235.65 165 59 24 83 2714 161.36 82 30 12 41 3354 99.07 41 15 6 21 3861 56.68 20 7 3 10 4269 31.19 10 4 1 5 4569 16.510 5 2 1 3 4803 8.6892.5Fishing Mortality=50% beginning at age 7NaturalWeight (g)Yield (kg)Age Population Catch Mortality Total Deaths1 1000 0 181 181 67 0.02 819 0 148 148 483 0.03 670 0 122 122 1177 0.04 549 0 99 99 1968 0.05 449 0 81 81 2714 0.06 368 0 67 67 3354 0.07 301 108 43 152 3861 418.28 150 54 22 75 4269 229.69 74 27 11 37 4569 122.010 37 13 5 19 4803 63.7833.5Surplus ProductionFishing EffortYieldGrowth > Mortality Growth < MortalityYieldEffortAge 1Age 2Age 3AdultsAdultsNumber of


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MSU FW 893 - Fish Population Dynamics

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