II I III IV V HIST 2620 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Industrialization II Gustavus Swif III Sand Creek Massacre IV Battle of Little Bighorn V General Allotment Act VI Destruction of Indian Culture VII American West Myth VIII Battle of Wounded Knee IX Frontier Thesis Outline of Current Lecture I Immigration II Ellis Island III Statue of Liberty IV Restriction on Immigration V Tenements Jacob Riis VI Francis Keller Out of Work VII Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer VIII American Federation of Labor Current Lecture I II Immigration Push pull theory theory that factors push pull immigration A 20 of 60 million immigrants of the Gilded Age came to the US Ellis Island A Grown by dirt excavated from building of the subway system of NY in 1890s B 40 of people currently can trace an ancestor that has gone through Ellis Island C Process required a medical examination 1 Button hook used with antiseptic to check for trachoma in medical exam D Marked with chalk if you were suspected of having a heart condition being pregnant being senile or having a mental defect 1 Marked with an x if you had a suspected mental defect 2 University of Chicago published a study measuring prisoners to determine what an average criminal was and that information was used to mark mental defects These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV V VI VII VIII 3 If marked you were removed from the line housed processed and moved to stockyards 1 In stockyards Ellis Island official asked 27 questions in 3 minutes Statue of Liberty 1886 Frederick Bartholdi A Bartholdi insisted somewhat against US consent that France should give US a gif B Statue of Liberty was paid for by French taxes C Statue of Liberty built in pieces arms head etc 1 1984 All pieces built 2 Stephen Sauvestre Eiffel Tower decided to put the pieces together D Because of size statue can move with the wind E 1885 Bartholdi ships everything but the base and delivers it but it sits around for a year in crates 1 Joseph Pulitzer hires Richard Morris hunt to construct the base of the statue of Liberty and also fundraises by offering to put a person s name in his newspaper The World in exchange for any amount of donations Restrictions on Immigration A Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 restricted all Asian not just Chinese immigration B Literacy Test 1887 check for literacy in one s own language to allow immigration 1 Henry Cabot Lodge pushed for literacy test 2 Shot down due to monetary costs C Johnson Reid Act 1890 sets 300 000 as the cap number for immigrants 1 Divided immigration into ethnicity Tenements Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Revealed how laborers worked lived A Building codes regulated buildings above 150 f 1 Fire escapes only went to 3rd floor if fire occurs must jump from 3rd floor 2 Breaks not authorized in GIlded Age for workers Francis Keller Out of Work another book on the life of immigrants laborers in Gidled Age Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer People in society are naturally selected on a social level A Horatio Alger writes books that end up supporting Social Darwinism Sink or Swim Rags to Riches B Jane Addams countered Social Darwinism by supporting Social Gospel Settlement House Movement for child care adult literacy medical care etc American Federation of Labor 1886 Samuel Gompers headed believed that workers will probably remain workers used funds for strikes etc A Grew from 250k members 1886 to 1 million members 1901