SPED 537 ECSE Methods Multiple Disabilities Ch 6 & 7Types of Hearing LossIntensity of SoundLogarithmic ScaleFrequency of SoundPowerPoint PresentationSlide 7Degree of Hearing LossCauses of Hearing Loss in Young ChildrenIncidence of Hearing LossSignificance of Early DetectionNewborn ScreeningUniversal Newborn Hearing ScreeningImpedance or Acoustic Immitance TestsBehavioral Tests (Infants)Objective TestsBehavioral TestsAudiogramSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26SPED 537 ECSE MethodsMultiple DisabilitiesCh 6 & 7Deborah Chen, Ph.D.California State University, NorthridgeApril 3-4 2006Types of Hearing LossConductiveSensorineuralMixedProgressiveCentral auditory processing disorderIntensity of SoundDecibel (dB)0 dB – softest sound 25 dB – whisper50 dB – speech90 dB – food blender110 dB – rock concert140 dB - firecrackerLogarithmic Scale0 dB = softest sound heard20 dB = 10 x 10 louder than 0 dB20 dB hearing loss = hearing 100 times less than normalFrequency of SoundHertz or cpsLow to highVowelsConsonantsVoicesFigure 1Speech BananaFigure 2Comparison of the Frequency and Intensityof Various Environmental and Speech SoundsDegree of Hearing LossMild: 15 – 30 dBModerate : 30-50 dBModerate-severe 50-70 dBSevere 70-90 dBProfound > 90dBCauses of Hearing Loss in Young Children40-60% genetic causes10% congenital infections10% meningitis17% NICU Rest unknownIncidence of Hearing Loss30 infants born each day in USHearing loss occurs 20 x more frequently than PKU (phenlyketonuria)1 in 1000 have severe-profound loss4-5 in 1000 have mild-moderate lossSignificance of Early DetectionBy 6 months > language outcomes than those detected laterAverage age of diagnosis 12-25 monthsAverage age for detecting mild loss 5-6 yearsNewborn ScreeningMost hospitals screen “at risk” Identifies only 50 % childrenA.B. 2780 required all CCS approved hospitals to implement UNIVERSAL newborn hearing screening by 12/02400,000 (>70%) newborns in CAhttp://www.dhs.ca.gov/pcfh/cms/NHSPUniversal Newborn Hearing ScreeningCosts $25-45 hospital-based screening.Two electrophysiological tests:Screening auditory brainstem responseSABROtoacoustic emissions OEAImpedance or Acoustic Immitance TestsTympanometryAcoustic ReflexBehavioral Tests (Infants)Behavioral Observation Audiometry(BOA)Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)Objective TestsAuditory Brainstem Response (ABR)Brainstem Evoked Response (BSER)Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER)Otoacoustic emissions (OAE)Behavioral TestsTangible Reinforcement Operant Conditioning (TROCA)Visual Reinforcement Operant Conditioning (VROCA)Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)AudiogramGraph that shows: - hearing thresholds- at different frequencies - and loudness levels - by air conduction and - bone conductionAudiogramProvides information on:Type of hearing lossDegree of lossSlope of lossSounds child can or cannot hearFigure 1Pure Tone AudiogramNormal HearingRightFigure 2Pure Tone AudiogramModerate to moderate-severe SNHL= air conduction= bone conductionFigure 3Pure Tone AudiogramMild Conductive Hearing LossFigure 4Audiogram of a Moderate Hearing LossFigure 5Illustration of Sensorineural Hearing LossFigure 6Illustration of Conductive Hearing LossDegree of Hearing LossSlight: may miss 10% speech when further than 3’ awayMild: may miss 25-40% speechModerate: may miss 50-75% Moderate-Severe: may miss 100%Severe: Responds to loud sounds 1” awayProfound: Relies on visual cues and
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