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CSUN SPED 537 - Multiple Disabilities

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SPED 537 ECSE Methods Multiple Disabilities Ch 6 & 7Types of Hearing LossIntensity of SoundLogarithmic ScaleFrequency of SoundPowerPoint PresentationSlide 7Degree of Hearing LossCauses of Hearing Loss in Young ChildrenIncidence of Hearing LossSignificance of Early DetectionNewborn ScreeningUniversal Newborn Hearing ScreeningImpedance or Acoustic Immitance TestsBehavioral Tests (Infants)Objective TestsBehavioral TestsAudiogramSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26SPED 537 ECSE MethodsMultiple DisabilitiesCh 6 & 7Deborah Chen, Ph.D.California State University, NorthridgeApril 3-4 2006Types of Hearing LossConductiveSensorineuralMixedProgressiveCentral auditory processing disorderIntensity of SoundDecibel (dB)0 dB – softest sound 25 dB – whisper50 dB – speech90 dB – food blender110 dB – rock concert140 dB - firecrackerLogarithmic Scale0 dB = softest sound heard20 dB = 10 x 10 louder than 0 dB20 dB hearing loss = hearing 100 times less than normalFrequency of SoundHertz or cpsLow to highVowelsConsonantsVoicesFigure 1Speech BananaFigure 2Comparison of the Frequency and Intensityof Various Environmental and Speech SoundsDegree of Hearing LossMild: 15 – 30 dBModerate : 30-50 dBModerate-severe 50-70 dBSevere 70-90 dBProfound > 90dBCauses of Hearing Loss in Young Children40-60% genetic causes10% congenital infections10% meningitis17% NICU Rest unknownIncidence of Hearing Loss30 infants born each day in USHearing loss occurs 20 x more frequently than PKU (phenlyketonuria)1 in 1000 have severe-profound loss4-5 in 1000 have mild-moderate lossSignificance of Early DetectionBy 6 months > language outcomes than those detected laterAverage age of diagnosis 12-25 monthsAverage age for detecting mild loss 5-6 yearsNewborn ScreeningMost hospitals screen “at risk” Identifies only 50 % childrenA.B. 2780 required all CCS approved hospitals to implement UNIVERSAL newborn hearing screening by 12/02400,000 (>70%) newborns in CAhttp://www.dhs.ca.gov/pcfh/cms/NHSPUniversal Newborn Hearing ScreeningCosts $25-45 hospital-based screening.Two electrophysiological tests:Screening auditory brainstem responseSABROtoacoustic emissions OEAImpedance or Acoustic Immitance TestsTympanometryAcoustic ReflexBehavioral Tests (Infants)Behavioral Observation Audiometry(BOA)Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)Objective TestsAuditory Brainstem Response (ABR)Brainstem Evoked Response (BSER)Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER)Otoacoustic emissions (OAE)Behavioral TestsTangible Reinforcement Operant Conditioning (TROCA)Visual Reinforcement Operant Conditioning (VROCA)Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)AudiogramGraph that shows: - hearing thresholds- at different frequencies - and loudness levels - by air conduction and - bone conductionAudiogramProvides information on:Type of hearing lossDegree of lossSlope of lossSounds child can or cannot hearFigure 1Pure Tone AudiogramNormal HearingRightFigure 2Pure Tone AudiogramModerate to moderate-severe SNHL= air conduction= bone conductionFigure 3Pure Tone AudiogramMild Conductive Hearing LossFigure 4Audiogram of a Moderate Hearing LossFigure 5Illustration of Sensorineural Hearing LossFigure 6Illustration of Conductive Hearing LossDegree of Hearing LossSlight: may miss 10% speech when further than 3’ awayMild: may miss 25-40% speechModerate: may miss 50-75% Moderate-Severe: may miss 100%Severe: Responds to loud sounds 1” awayProfound: Relies on visual cues and


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