BL 424 Study guide Quiz 2 Organelles and structures/components: components and functionNucleolusNuclear membraneNuclear Pore complexNuclear laminaRibosome - polysomeProteasomeEndoplasmic reticulumGolgiLysosomePlasma membraneSpecial signals on mRNA; RNA-RNA hybridsShine-Delgarno sequencepoylA, CAPribosome scanning for 1st AUGtRNA: mRNA pairingSnoRNAsMicro RNAs or RNAiPrimary transcript of rRNA genes vs. final products Special signals on proteins for transport, location etc.NLS, Nuclear Localization sequenceKDEL sequenceSignal sequenceGPI anchorModifications to proteins or RNAs and enzymes that do the reactionsPhosphorylation – phosphatases, kinases and role of ATPUbituitination – ubituitin ligaseS-S bonds – protein disulfide isomeraseBinding of GTP vs. GDP by Ras, Ran proteinsGlycosylation – glycosyl transferase; removal of sugars by glycosidaseN-linked vs. O-linkedAddiiton of lipids - Role of chaperones – why are they called ‘heat-shock proteins’ Proteolysis – by signal peptidase, by proteasomeAmino acyl tRNA synthetasesSplicing of rRNA precursors – primary transcript to processed productNew termsKaryopherinsImportinsExportinsSnRNAsLaminsAutophagyFlippaseSV40 T antigenBiPSome lipidsCeramideCholesterolSphingomyelinPhospholipidsHow are lipids synthesized – from cytosolic aqueous-soluble precursors and inserted into membranesTopology of compartments – from lumen of ER to Golgi to outside of cellFrom nucleus to where? General concepts: Consider integral membrane protein in the ER, versus a secreted protein or a nuclear protein. How are they targeted to their locations? What about a ribosomal protein?Draw structure of eukaryotic cell, clearly indicating major subcellular structures, and organellesOpportunities for regulation – of RNA transport, of translation, of post-translational modifications to the protein, Consider how ribosomes end up on the rough ER versus remaining free ribosomesConsider the cellular compartments transversed by a protein destined for different final destinations – role of aa sequence, modifications, enzymes. Consider what might happen to mutated protein (also pathways for degradation)Consider the basic import of proteins into nucleus, and the role of Ran, importinsConsider what catalyzes the peptide bond on the ribosome – evidence for rRNANumbers – if an amino acid weights 110 daltons, then a polypeptide of 20 kD (20,000 daltons) has _____ amino acids. (about largest size that can passively diffuse through nuclear pore; most proteins need to be actively transported through nuclear pore).Most important figures: Ch. 8: 2, 4, 7, 9, 22, 23, 27, 34, 39, 40, 43 Ch. 9: 1, 5, 9, 11, 25, 29, 31 Ch. 10: 3, 8, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 25, 27, 31, 39Questions at ends of chapters:Ch8. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14Ch9. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9Ch10. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,