AsbestosCommercial term for variety of silicate minerals that readily separate into thin, strong fibers. Flexible, heat resistant, inert.Insulation, car brake lining, floor tiles, etc.Physical Properties: ColorInteraction of light with minerals, obvious feature but often unreliable as a diagnostic property of a particular mineralPhysical Properties: StreakColor of mineral in its powdered formObtained on an unglazed porcelain plateHematite: found in many colors (black, steel, silver, grey, brown, red)Physical Properties: HardnessResistance to abrasion or scratchingAll minerals are compared to a relative standard scale called the Moh’s scale of hardnessPhysical Properties: CleavageDescribe by geometric shape and number of planes. Angles between adjacent planesProduces flat, shiny surfacesPhysical Properties: Secondary“Special” properties shown by limited minerals.Reaction to hydrochloric acid: Double refraction, magnetism, taste, fluorescence, smell, elasticityThe SilicatesMost important mineral group, most rock-forming mineralsDark silicates: ferromagnesian (Mg, Fe)Light silicates: Non-ferromagnesian (Ca, Na, K)EES 1030 Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. IntroductionOutline of Current Lecture II. Minerals: Building Blocks of RocksIII. RocksIV. Composition of MineralsV. Ionic BondingVI. Covalent BondingVII. Structure of MineralsVIII. Largest Diamonda. CullinanIX. Mineral Examplesa. Quartz, Olivine, Fluorite, Beryl, etc.X. Physical Properties: Crystal FormXI. PyriteXII. Physical Properties: LusterXIII. AsbestosXIV.Physical Properties: ColorXV. Physical Properties: StreakXVI. HematiteXVII. Physical Properties: HardnessXVIII. Physical Properties: CleavageXIX. Physical Properties: SecondaryXX. The Silicatesa. Dark silicatesb. Light silicatesCurrent LectureMinerals: Building Blocks of RocksDefinition of Minerals to a geologist: 1) Ordered internal structure (crystalline): atoms arranged in ordered repeating array2) Specific chemical composition that may vary within a defined rangeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3) Natural occurring 4) Inorganic solid5) Distinctive Physical PropertiesRocksLoosely defined as any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally, some rocks are composed of non-mineral matter. Example: non-crystalline glassy volcanic rocks such as obsidian, and coal which is made of compacted plant remainsComposition of MineralsEvery sample of the same mineral has the same elements joined in a consistent, repeating pattern.Ionic BondingIonic Solid: Electrostatic attraction between positive cations and negative anions.Ordered arrangement of oppositely charged ions but maintains overall electric neutrality.Covalent BondingCovalent bonds: atoms sharing electronsStructure of MineralsMinerals consist of an ordered array of atoms chemically bonded to form a particular crystalline structure.Internal arrangement of atoms in ionic compounds is determined by relative sizes of the different ionsLargest Diamond? CullinanLargest rough gem-quality diamond 3,107 carats (622 g or 1.37 lbs.)Premier Mine, South Africa (1905)Mineral ExamplesQuartz, olivine, fluorite, beryl, native copper, diamondPhysical Properties: Crystal FormExternal expression of a mineral’s internal structureCrystal Growth often interrupted due to competition for space and rapid loss of heatPyrite: Fool’s goldPhysical Properties: LusterWay in which mineral surface reflects lightTypes of Luster: Metallic (strong reflections produced by opaque substances), vitreous (bright as in glass), resinous (characteristic of resins, such as amber), greasy (appears to be coated with oily substance), pearly (the whitish iridescence such minerals as pearl), silky, adamantine Asbestos Commercial term for variety of silicate minerals that readily separate into thin, strong fibers. Flexible, heat resistant, inert.  Insulation, car brake lining, floor tiles, etc. Physical Properties: Color Interaction of light with minerals, obvious feature but often unreliable as a diagnostic property of a particular mineral Physical Properties: Streak Color of mineral in its powdered form Obtained on an unglazed porcelain plate Hematite: found in many colors (black, steel, silver, grey, brown, red) Physical Properties: Hardness Resistance to abrasion or scratching All minerals are compared to a relative standard scale called the Moh’s scale of hardness Physical Properties: Cleavage Describe by geometric shape and number of planes. Angles between adjacent planes Produces flat, shiny surfaces Physical Properties: Secondary “Special” properties shown by limited minerals. Reaction to hydrochloric acid: Double refraction, magnetism, taste, fluorescence, smell, elasticity The Silicates Most important mineral group, most rock-forming minerals Dark silicates: ferromagnesian (Mg, Fe) Light silicates: Non-ferromagnesian (Ca, Na,