© P.Prinetto - all rights reserved Version 1.2 1.1.11.1 - The challenges…ECE 465The challenges of the new global scenarioPaolo PRINETTOPolitecnico di Torino (Italy)University of Illinois at Chicago, IL (USA)[email protected]@uic.eduwww.testgroup.polito.itLecture 1.12I.1 Goal• The lecture is aimed at outlining where most of today designers’ constraints come from.• Thus it first presents the current trends in the microelectronic industries, with particular emphasis on System-on-a-Chip.• It then outlines the various phases of a product life cycle, focusing on Concurrent Engineering approaches. 3I.1 Homework• Students are warmly invited to visit:− web pages related to microelectronic trends, such as:⋅ The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors home page athttp://public.itrs.net4I.1 Homework (cont’d)− web pages related to on-going standardization activities on System-on-a-Chip, such as:⋅ VSI Alliance home page athttp://www.vsi.org/⋅ IEEE P1500 Standard for Embedded Core Test (SECT) home page athttp://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1500/5I.1 Further readings• No particular suggestionWaves of electronic computing1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Time sharingBatchMainframeSystems© P.Prinetto - all rights reserved Version 1.2 1.1.21.1 - The challenges…ECE 465Waves of electronic computing1960 1970 1980 1990PCWord processingWebe-CommercePC basedSystemsTime sharingBatchMainframeSystems2000 2010Waves of electronic computing1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010PCWord processingWebe-CommercePC basedSystemsTime sharingBatchMainframeSystemsEmbeddedSystemsTelecommunication & NetworkPortable Consumer ProductsMultimediaEmbedded ControlTwo forces working in conjunction in electronics industryTwo forces working in conjunction in electronics industryConsumerizationMiniaturization11I.1 Consumerization of the microelectronic industry• High volumesConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization12I.1 Some facts ...• 50 millions of Pentium produced every year (1 Pentium every 0.6 s!!)• 100 millions of PC and 3 millions of servers sell in ‘99• ...Pentium®ProProcessorProcessor®®RRConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization© P.Prinetto - all rights reserved Version 1.2 1.1.31.1 - The challenges…ECE 46513I.1 Consumerization of the microelectronic industry• High volumes• High costs for design and productionConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization14I.1 High costs for design0100200300400500# Designers4004 80286 Pentium Pentium 3ConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization15I.1 High costs for productionConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization16I.1 High costs for productionConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization$ 2+ US Billions !!!ATE cost ATE costThe chip to be tested is inserted here !!© P.Prinetto - all rights reserved Version 1.2 1.1.41.1 - The challenges…ECE 465ATE cost$ 6+ US MillionsThe chip to be tested is inserted here !!20I.1 Some facts: Pentium Intel• For End-of-Production test, Intel uses 300 ATEs for VLSI:− if aligned, they formed a 2 Km queue− they have, globally, 60,000 pin drivers− they consume, globally, 7.5 MW. [K. Thompson, Vice president Intel, ITC’95]Pentium®ProProcessorProcessor®®RRConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization21I.1 Consumerization of the microelectronic industry• High volumes• High costs for design and production• Lower prices of the final productsConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization22I.1 Some facts ...Since 1Q’97, the price of PCs decreases of 6% every quarter.ConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerization23I.1 Consumerization of the microelectronic industry• High volumes• High costs for design and production• Low prices of the final products• High dependability (reliability & availability)ConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationConsumerizationTwo forces working in conjunction in electronics industryMiniaturization© P.Prinetto - all rights reserved Version 1.2 1.1.51.1 - The challenges…ECE 46525I.1 Moore’s lawProcessor transistor counts doubles every two years− a new technology every 9 months !!− System-on-a-chip (SoC)MiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturization26I.1 Pentium 4• 1.5 GHz → 2 GHz in 3Q01• 0.18 µ→0.13 µ in 4Q01• 42 M transistorMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturization27I.1 Intel Press release“Researchers at Intel Corp. have built what they claim is the smallest and fastest CMOS transistor, measuring 30nm in size and three atom thick. The gate oxides used to build these transistors are three atomic layers thick.Intel believes this new development will allow the company within the next five to 10 years to build microprocessors containing more than 400 million transistors, running at 10GHz and operating at less than 1V.To rationalize this scale, Intel said more than 100,000 of these gates would need to be stacked to achieve the thickness of a sheet of paper and that they could compute 2 million calculations in the time it takes a bullet to travel oneinch.”MiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturization28I.1 0204060801001998 2000Years% of IC with < 0.35 micronVery deep sub-micron ICsMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturization29I.1 System - chipMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturization30I.1 System-on-chipMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturizationMiniaturization© P.Prinetto - all rights reserved Version 1.2 1.1.61.1 - The challenges…ECE 46531I.1 SoCs trendt32I.1 SoCs trendYesterday’s PCBs(System-on-a-board)t33I.1 SoCs trendToday’s chips (System-on-a-chip)tYesterday’s PCBs(System-on-a-board)34I.1 SoCs trendTomorrow’s re-usable IPsToday’s chips (System-on-a-chip)tYesterday’s PCBs(System-on-a-board)35I.1 What are embedded coresPre-designed, pre-verified functional blocks, also termed IP (Intellectual