Geology 101 Outline of Last Lecture Science of Earth Development of Geology Magnitude of Geologic Time Nature of Scientific Inquiry Structure of the Universe Hierarchic Structure Evolution of Earth Red Shift and Doppler Effect Outline of Current Lecture After Big Bang Solar System Components Geology 101 Chapter 1 Lecture 2 After Big Bang o Protons neutrons formed first then hydrogen atoms and light elements Up to 5 o Expansion and cooling atoms began to bond Hydrogen formed H2 fuel stars Atoms and molecules coalesced into gaseous nebulae clouds o Gravity caused collapse of gaseous nebulae heat and mass o Ignited nuclear fusion stars form from heavier elements atomic 26 As stars became H2 started initiated supernova Even heavier elements were formed Different generations of stars sun not 1st generation o Mass of stars governs its element production Smaller mass stars sun Burn slowly Live longer 10 billion Create lighter elements Carbon 5 Larger mass stars 10 100X sun Burn rapidly Shorter lived 10 million Create heavier elements Iron 26 Geology 101 o Nebular theory proposes bodies of solar systems evolved from enormous rotating clouds Super Nova external influence causes supernova to become protosun during collapse gravitational energy is converted into thermal energy Gravity shapes into spheres Earth o Small planet collides with Earth Debris forms a ring Debris coalesces and forms moon o Inner planets decreasing temperatures allows minerals to compose denser matter repeated collisions create planetesimals eventually become planets o Outer Planets Less dense Ice and gases Water CO2 ammonia methane Solar System Components o Sun 99 8 mass of system Planets and their moons Planets orbits star spherical cleared neighborhood of other objects o Terrestrial inner Mercury Venus Earth Mars Closer to sun Small rock shell metal core o Gas giants outer Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Huge Gas and ice some rock and metal Moon body locked in orbit around planet Asteroids rock metal bodies in belt o Mars Jupiter Ice bodies beyond Neptune comets