Rowan ECE 09.404 - Principles of Biomedical Systems & Devices

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At the Clinic…Principles of Biomedical Systems and Devices (3)ObjectivesDefinition of Biomedical Engineering: (from Whitaker)Biomedical EngineeringBioinstrumentationBiomaterialsBiomechanicsBiosignals / BiopotentialsClinical EngineeringCellular EngineeringRehabilitation EngineeringBiostatisticsDisciplines in whichbioengineers workWhere Do Biomedical Engineers Work?Are There Jobs Out There?The sensor converts energy or information from the measurand to another form (usually electric). This signal is the processedCommon Medical Measurands(invasive & Noninvasive)Sensor Specifications & ConstraintsSystem SpecificationsPhysiological Effects of Electricity – Medical SafetyPanel / Series MeasurementsLevels of OrganizationAnatomical DirectionsAnatomical DefinitionsWhat’s In This Course?Homework1Principles of Biomedical Systems & DevicesWEEK 1: INTRODUCTIO N0909.504.03 / 0909.404.01At the Clinic… Edna Jones, 67, retired – Femaleª Difficulty with vision – near accident incidentª 173cm (5’ 8’’), 90 kg (198 lb)ª BP: 118/76, HR: 63 bpmª Core body temp: 37ºC (98.6 ºF)ª Other• Water consumption• Eye exam •Skin temp•Sensation• Blood glucose•ECG• Blood test•Urine testPrinciples of Biomedical Systems and Devices (3)0909.404.01/ 0909.504.03 Fall 2004Class Homepage: http://engineering.rowan.edu/~polikar/CLASSES/ECE404Instructors: Robi Polikar, Maria Tahamont (Guest lectures on A&P)Office& Phone: Polikar - 136 Rowan, 256-5372 Tahamont – 256 Science, 256-3584Office Hours: T: 11-12, F:13-14 + Open door policyE-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Meeting: Wednesdays @ 1615 in Rowan 239Texts: Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, Enderle, Academic Press, 2000A basic medical dictionary, available at any bookseller.Objectives The main objective of this course is to introduce you to basic biomedical engineering technology, so that you can understand, design and evaluatesystems and devices that can measure, test and/or acquire biological information from the human body. In order to achieve this goal, we will emphasize:ª Essential background on anatomy and physiology, in particular fundamental characteristics of signals acquired from the human body ª Electrical safety issues that must strictly be adhered to in designing medical equipmentª Practical issues in designing and testing electronic medical equipment.ª Specific algorithms and techniques in analysis and processing of biological signals ª Ethical issues regarding biomedical and biotechnology research.2Definition of Biomedical Engineering: (from Whitaker)Biomedical engineering is a discipline that advances knowledge in engineering, biology and medicine, and improves human health through cross-disciplinary activities that integrate the engineering sciences with the biomedical sciences and clinical practice. It includes: 1. The acquisition of new knowledge and understanding of living systemsthrough the innovative and substantive application of experimental and analytical techniques based on the engineering sciences. 2. The development of new devices, algorithms, processes and systems that advance biology and medicine and improve medical practice and health care delivery. As used by the foundation, the term “biomedical engineering research” is thus defined in a broad sense: It includes not only the relevant applications of engineering to medicine but also to the basic life sciences. • Bioinstrumentation•Biomaterials • Biomechanics• Biosignals• Biosystems• Biotransport• Cellular engineering• Clinical engineering• Tissue engineering• Rehabilitation engineeringBiomedical Engineering• Also related: BiostatisticsBioinstrumentation Apply fundamentals of measurement science to biomedical instrumentation for measuring physiological variables that may originate from molecular, cellular or systemic process.ªMay be described by mechanical, electrical, chemical, optical orother eventsªUses sensors and/or transducersªSensors must be designed to / so that • Minimize disturbance to the measured variable and the environment• Comply with the requirements of the living system• Maximize SNR• Achieve accuracy and repeatabilityªMeasured signal is usually fed into a signal processing algorithm for further conditioning and analysis.Biomaterials Application of engineering materials to the production of medical / biological / diagnostic productsª Design and development of new biological materials, often to replace failing biological organs / limbs Designing new materials that the body will not reject – one of BME’s most challenging problem. Material must beª nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, chemically inert, stable, and mechanically strong enough to withstand the repeated forces of a lifetime3Biomechanics Study of composition, properties and interaction of biological tissues (such as muscle, bone, etc.) and fluids (such as blood, inter/intracellular fluid, etc.) ª Study of motion, material deformation, flow within the body and in devices, and transport of chemical constituents across biological and synthetic media.ª Development of the artificial heart, replacement heart valves, the artificial kidney, the artificial hip, patient assistance devices, and ergonomic design all fall within the realm of biomechanics.ª Biomechanics include both fluid mechanics and solid mechanics atmolecular, cellular, macroscopic or system level.Biosignals / Biopotentials Analysis of biological data to uncover the nature of underlying physiological phenomenaªSignal processingªTime series analysisªOrigins of signal variabilityªTransform and statistical techniquesªAnalysis of chaotic behavior of signals / fractal analysisClinical Engineering Application of technology in health careª Clinical engineers typically work in hospitals to assist doctors / nurses with their medical technology needsª Managing diagnostic and laboratory equipment in hospitals, interface of different equipment with each other and/or with computersª Determine equipment needsª Search for and specify optimal equipmentª Train healthcare workers on equipmentª Perform maintenance and safety inspectionsCellular Engineering Design of quantitative biochemical and biophysical techniques and procedures for the study and manipulationof cell function, such asª Cell metabolismª Inter and intra cellular signaling and regulationª Biomolecular uptake and secretionª Cellular proliferation, migration, adhesionÂ


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