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CS 317 - Data Management and Information ProcessingLogisticsPrerequisitesGradingCommunicationWhat Is a Database System?Database Systems: ThenDatabase Systems: TodayOther Ways Databases Make Life Better?Other databases you may useIs the WWW a DBMS?“Search” vs. QueryA “Database Query” ApproachIs a File System a DBMS?Current Commercial OutlookWhy Study Databases??What’s the intellectual content?Describing Data: Data ModelsLevels of AbstractionExample: University DatabaseData IndependenceQueries, Query Plans, and OperatorsConcurrency ControlTransactions: ACID PropertiesStructure of a DBMSAdvantages of a DBMSDatabases make these folks happy ...Summary (part 1)Summary, cont.CS 317 - Data Management and Information ProcessingLogistics•InstructorYan Chen ([email protected]), Office Hours: Th. 2-4pm or by appointment, Rm 330, 1890 Maple Ave. •TAYi Qiao ([email protected]) Office Hours: Fri. 2-4pm, Rm 246, 1890 Maple Ave.Prerequisites•Required: CS110, CS 111 or programming experienceCourse Materials•Required: A First Course in Database Systems, (2nd Edition), Jeffrey Ullman and Jennifer Widom, Prentice Hall, 2002. •Recommended: Database Management Systems, Third Edition, Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehrke, McGraw-Hill, 2002.Grading•Homework (4-5 sets) 20%•Projects 30% –Use Microsoft Access to design a database in two projects. –The first project is on the entity-relational (ER) model, –The second project is on relational algebra (RA) and relational calculus (RC). •Final 25%–Exams in-class, closed-book, non-cumulative•Late policy: 10% each day after the due date•No cheatingCommunication•Web page: http://www.cs.nwu.edu/~ychen/classes/cs317/•Recitation: Tu, Th or Fri? 5-6pm, Room 381, 1890 Maple.–TA lectures on the homework and projects, and help to prepare the exams. •Newsgroup are available–cs.317 (course announcement, and posting Q & A)•Send emails to instructor and TA for questions inappropriate in newsgroup•Course outline (see it online)What Is a Database System?•Database: a very large, integrated collection of data.•Models a real-world enterprise– Entities (e.g., teams, games)– Relationships (e.g., The Forty-Niners are playing in The Superbowl)– More recently, also includes active components , often called “business logic”. (e.g., the BCS ranking system)•A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system designed to store, manage, and facilitate access to databases.Database Systems: ThenDatabase Systems: TodayFrom Friendster.com on-line tourOther Ways Databases Make Life Better?•“Players could finally sign up for the Star Wars Galaxies game last week as Sony opened up registration to the public.”•“Once players got in to the game they found that the game servers were offline because of database problems.” •“Some players spent hours tuning their in-game characters only to find that crashes deleted all their hard work.”•Source: BBC News Online, July 1, 2003.Other databases you may useIs the WWW a DBMS?•Fairly sophisticated search available–crawler indexes pages on the web–Keyword-based search for pages•But, currently–data is mostly unstructured and untyped–search only:•can’t modify the data•can’t get summaries, complex combinations of data–few guarantees provided for freshness of data, consistency across data items, fault tolerance, …–Web sites typically have a DBMS in the background to provide these functions.•The picture is changing–New standards e.g., XML, Semantic Web can help data modeling–Research groups (e.g., at Berkeley) are working on providing some of this functionality across multiple web sites.=“Search” vs. Query •What if you wanted to find out which actors donated to John Kerry’s presidential campaign?•Try “actors donated to john kerry” in your favorite search engine.A “Database Query” ApproachQ: How do you write programs over a subsystem when it promises you only “???” ?A: Very, very carefully!! Is a File System a DBMS?•Thought Experiment 1:–You and your project partner are editing the same file.–You both save it at the same time.–Whose changes survive?=•Thought Experiment 2:–You’re updating a file.–The power goes out.–Which of your changes survive?A) YoursB) Partner’s C) Both D) Neither E) ???A) All B) None C) All Since Last Save D) ???Current Commercial Outlook•A major part of the software industry:–Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, Sybase–also Informix (now IBM), Teradata–smaller players: java-based dbms, devices, OO, …•Well-known benchmarks (esp. TPC)•Lots of related industries–data warehouse, document management, storage, backup, reporting, business intelligence, app integration•Relational products dominant and evolving–adapting for extensibility (user-defined types), adding native XML support.•Open Source coming on strong–MySQL, PostgreSQL, BerkeleyDBWhy Study Databases??•Shift from computation to information–always true for corporate computing–Web made this point for personal computing–more and more true for scientific computing•Need for DBMS has exploded in the last years–Corporate: retail swipe/clickstreams, “customer relationship mgmt”, “supply chain mgmt”, “data warehouses”, etc.–Scientific: digital libraries, Human Genome project, NASA Mission to Planet Earth, physical sensors, grid physics network•DBMS encompasses much of CS in a practical discipline–OS, languages, theory, AI, multimedia, logic–Yet traditional focus on real-world apps?What’s the intellectual content?•representing information–data modeling•languages and systems for querying data–complex queries with real semantics*–over massive data sets•concurrency control for data manipulation–controlling concurrent access –ensuring transactional semantics•reliable data storage–maintain data semantics even if you pull the plug* semantics: the meaning or relationship of meanings of a sign or set of signsDescribing Data: Data Models•A data model is a collection of concepts for describing data.•A schema is a description of a particular collection of data, using a given data model.•The


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