OM 300 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I SWOT Analysis II Strategic Planning and Core Competencies III 4 Global Operations Strategy Options IV G S Selection V Product Life Cycle Outline of Current Lecture 1 Environmental Regulations and Industry Standards 2 ISO 14000 3 Process Strategy a Process focus b Repetitive focus c Product focus d Mass customization Current Lecture End of Life Phase What happens at the end of life stage Closed loop supply chains or reverse logistics Automakers design incorporates disassembly recycling and reuse Regulations and Industry Standards Product Design o Food and Drug Administration o Consumer Products Safety Commission o National Highway Safety Administration Manufacturing and assembly activities o Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA o Environmental Protection Agency EPA o State and local agencies Disassembly and disposal of hazardous products o EPA o Department of Transportation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Design for Disassembly Nearly all industries have regulations o Commercial builders o Federal Safe Drinking Water Act o Resource Conservation and Recovery Act International Environmental Policies and Standards Organizations and governments guiding businesses o U N Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC o International Organization for Standardization ISO o Elimination of greenhouse gas GHG European Union Emission Trading System To combat climate change Reduce industrial GHG emissions Cap and Trade principle ISO 14000 Advantages o Positive public image reduced liability o Good systematic approach to pollution prevention o Compliance with regulatory requirements opportunities for competitive advantage o Reduction in the need for multiple audits Implemented by more than 200 000 organizations in 155 countries Environmental and economic benefits o Reduced materials resource usage o Reduced energy consumption o Lower distribution costs o Improved image o Improved process efficiency o Reduced waste and disposal costs Addresses environmental management systems Guidance to minimize harmful effects on the environment Subaru 0 waste Environmental management standards o Env Management o Auditing o Performance evaluation o Labeling o Life Cycle assessment CHAPTER 7 9 Process Strategy Process Flow Diagram Harley Davidson Process Strategy the objective is to create a process to produce products that meets customer requirements within cost and other managerial constraints How to produce a product or provide a service that o Meets or exceeds customer requirements o Meets cost and managerial goals Has long term effects on o Efficiency and production flexibility o Costs and quality Process Strategies Figure 7 1 1 Process focus 2 Repetitive focus 3 Product focus 4 Mass customization Within these basic strategies there are many ways they may be implemented Process Focus Ex Hospital Facilities are organized around specific activities or processes General purpose equipment and skilled personnel High degree of product flexibility Typically high costs and low equipment utilization Product flows may vary considerably making planning and scheduling a challenge Repetitive Focus Ex Harley motorcycles Facilities often organized as assembly lines Characterized by modules with parts and assemblies made previously Modules may be combined for many output options Less flexibility than process focused facilities but more efficient Product Focus Ex Nucor Steel Plant or Frito Lay Facilities are organized by product High volume but low variety of products Long continuous production runs enable efficient processes Typically high fixed cost but low variable cost Generally less skilled labor Mass Customization Dell computer The rapid low cost production of goods and services to satisfy increasingly unique customer desires Combines the flexibility of a process focus with the efficiency of a product focus Imaginative product design Flexible process design Tightly controlled inventory mgt Tight schedules Responsive supply chain partners Focused Processes Focus brings efficiency Focus on depth of product line Customers Products Service Technology