BIOL 1050 Lecture 5Outline of Last LectureI. Pseudo Science & Anecdotal EvidenceOutline of Current LectureI. Organisms are made of cellsa. Cellsb. Cell theoryII. Two types of Cellsa. Prokaryoticb. Eukaryotic III. Organelles IV. Plant and Animal CellsV. DNAVI. Cellular Energya. ATPVII. Organisms require foodCurrent LectureI. Organisms are made of cellsa. Cellsi. Cells are the basic units of organismsii. Are the smallest entity that exhibits the characteristics of lifeiii. Can be single celled or multicellulariv. Cells can perform the basic functions of life1. Growth2. Metabolism3. Adaptation b. Cell Theoryi. Says that all living things are composed of cells (*very important)ii. Cells arise from previously existing cellsiii. Cells can vary in size1. The largest single cell is an ostrich eggII. Two Types of Cells a. Prokaryotic cells (in bacteria and Achaea)i. Can’t see with the naked eyeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Four things prokaryotic cells have:1. Plasma2. Cytoplasm3. DNA4. Ribosomes 5. Additional stuff (cells can also have one, some, all or none of these)a. Cell wallb. Capsulec. Pilid. Flagellumiii. *Bacteria are very adaptable and can live in many environmentsb. Eukaryotic cells (in all other organisms)i. 10x larger than prokaryotic cellsii. Red blood cells some of the smallest living cellsiii. 3 main sections1. Plasma membranea. Selectively permeable (such as letting in water, but not harmful things)2. Nucleus3. CytoplasmIII. Organellesa. Each has a specific functionb. Most are enclosed by membranesc. Most are found in both plant and animal cellsd. Not found in prokaryotic cells IV. Plant and Animal Cellsa. Found in both plant and animal cellsi. Nucleus1. Control centerii. Plasma membrane1. Protects celliii. Ribosomes1. Make proteinsiv. Mitochondria1. Produces energyv. Rough endoplasmic reticulum1. Protein synthesisvi. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum1. Processing alcohol2. Detox certain compoundsvii. Cytoplasm1. Provide internal supportviii. Cytoskeleton1. Provides shape and support ix. Golgi apparatus 1. Transports protein throughout cellx. Lysosome1. Garbage disposal b. Found only in animal cellsi. Centriolec. Found only in plant cellsi. Chloroplastii. Cell walliii. Vacuole1. Contains mild toxins that make predators not want to eat themiv. *vegetables do better in the freezer due to their cell wall which does not allow fluids to poke through and leak as in animal cellsv. *mitochondria and nucleus have double membranes V. DNAa. A type of molecule in nucleus that provides directions for building proteinsb. These proteins are built by ribosomes in the cytoplasm and do most of the work in a cell c. Stands for deoxyribonucleic acidd. The most important biological moleculee. In all living thingsVI. Cellular energya. ATPi. Mitochondria convert the energy in food to energy in the form of ATP using the process of cellular respirationii. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and is the ultimate molecule of energyiii. Stores energy that can be used for cellular workiv. Energy is released when a bond is broken1. It then becomes ADP or adenosine diphosphate2. Then can be recycled and remade into ATPv. If you don’t use the energy it can be stored as fatVII. Organisms require fooda. Require food as building blocks to make, maintain and repair celsb. Is the energy source for cellsc. Energy in food must be converted into a form of energy (ATP) that cells can used. Acquiring foodi. Producers make food using light energy from the sun1. These are plantsii. Consumers eat other organisms for food1. Herbivorea. Eat only plants2. Carnivorea. Eat only meat3. Omnivorea. Eat plants and meate. Cells in all green plant parts have chloroplasts which are the organelles that perform photosynthesisi. They can produce their own foodii. Carbon dioxide enters leaf through stomata (tiny pores usually on lower surface of leaves1. Plants intake CO2 and make oxygen and
View Full Document
Unlocking...