DEVELOPMENTALDISABILITIESDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)MENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MILD MENTAL RETARDATIONFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MODERATE, SEVERE OR PROFOUND MENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONMENTAL RETARDATIONAUTISMCEREBRAL PALSYDOWN SYNDROMEREMINDERDEVELOPMENTALDEVELOPMENTALDISABILITIESDISABILITIESDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESDevelopmental Disability Developmental Disability ––a diverse a diverse group of severe chronic conditions due to group of severe chronic conditions due to mental and or physical impairments. mental and or physical impairments. People with developmental disabilities People with developmental disabilities have problems with major life activities, have problems with major life activities, such as language, mobility, learning, selfsuch as language, mobility, learning, self--help and independent living. help and independent living. Developmental disabilities begin anytime Developmental disabilities begin anytime from birth to 22 years of age and usually from birth to 22 years of age and usually last throughout the person’s lifetime.last throughout the person’s lifetime.DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)40 per 1,000 children 340 per 1,000 children 3--5% 5% Mental RetardationMental Retardation9.7 per 1,000 children9.7 per 1,000 children1 % 1 % AutismAutism3.4 per 1,000 children 0.3% 3.4 per 1,000 children 0.3% Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy2.8 per 1,000 children 0.3% 2.8 per 1,000 children 0.3% Hearing LossHearing Loss1.1 per 1,000 children 0.1% 1.1 per 1,000 children 0.1%Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)Disorder (ADHA)33--5% of all children5% of all children40 children per 1,000 children40 children per 1,000 children4.4 million youth age 4 to 174.4 million youth age 4 to 172.5 million youth medicated for 2.5 million youth medicated for ADHDADHD7.8 % school age youth as reported 7.8 % school age youth as reported by parentsby parents4:1 to 9:1 boys : girls4:1 to 9:1 boys : girlsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)Disorder (ADHA)Chronic level of inattention and/or Chronic level of inattention and/or Impulsive hyperactivity to the extent that Impulsive hyperactivity to the extent that daily functioning is compromiseddaily functioning is compromisedAbove occurs at levels higher than Above occurs at levels higher than expected for the person’s developmental expected for the person’s developmental stage and must interfere with ability to stage and must interfere with ability to function in different settings, such as function in different settings, such as home and schoolhome and schoolA person with ADHD may struggle in A person with ADHD may struggle in important areas of life, such as peer and important areas of life, such as peer and family relationships and school or work family relationships and school or work performance.performance.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA)Disorder (ADHA)Short attention Short attention spanspanImpulsive actionsImpulsive actionsDistractibilityDistractibilityHyperactivityHyperactivityLow frustration Low frustration tolerancetoleranceTendency to Tendency to become boredLack of motivationLack of motivationInability to Inability to recognize future recognize future consequences of consequences of behaviorbehaviorInability to learn Inability to learn from mistakesfrom mistakesSocialization Socialization problemsproblemsbecome boredMENTAL RETARDATION MENTAL RETARDATION Three conditions:Three conditions:1. Significantly sub average general intellectual functioning 1. Significantly sub average general intellectual functioning ( IQ of 70 or below on an individually administered IQ test)( IQ of 70 or below on an individually administered IQ test)2. Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive 2. Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning in at least two of these areas, (compared to functioning in at least two of these areas, (compared to standards expected for his or her age by his or her cultural standards expected for his or her age by his or her cultural group)group)communication skillscommunication skillsselfself--care care home living home living social/interpersonal skills social/interpersonal skills work work safetysafetyuse of community resources use of community resources leisure leisure healthhealthfunctional academic skills functional academic skills selfself--directiondirection3. Onset before age 183. Onset before age 18MENTAL RETARDATION MENTAL RETARDATION The most useful approach for The most useful approach for children with mental retardation children with mental retardation consists of multidisciplinary efforts consists of multidisciplinary efforts directed at many aspects of the directed at many aspects of the child’s life child’s life ––education, social, and education, social, and recreational activities; behavior recreational activities; behavior problems; and associated problems; and associated impairments.impairments.MENTAL RETARDATION MENTAL RETARDATION School systems vary from state to state in their School systems vary from state to state in their classification of persons who are mentally retarded.classification of persons who are mentally retarded.1 to 3 % of the population is mentally retarded1 to 3 % of the population is mentally retarded1% when persons who have mild mental retardation due to 1% when persons who have mild mental retardation due to cultural and/or social disadvantages are excluded, cultural and/or social disadvantages are excluded, More common in boys than girlsMore common in boys than girls2 : 1 among those requiring intermittent support2 : 1 among those requiring intermittent