Wisdom is not the product of schooling but the lifelong attempt to acquire it Albert Einstein Participation Notions and Challenges for Information Technologies Ernesto Arias and Gerhard Fischer and Eric Scharff Rogerio de Paula Andy Gorman ATLAS TAM Course Spring 2000 February 2 2000 E G Arias G Fischer 1 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Social and Economic Implications of IT Participation and New Forms of Civic Discourse How can more than 261 million individual Americans define and reconcile their needs and aspirations with community values and the needs of the future Our most important finding is the potential power of and growing desire for decision processes that promote direct and meaningful interaction involving people in decisions that affect them Americans want to take control of their lives President s Council on Sustainable Development 1996 p 7 E G Arias G Fischer 2 Spring 2000 Information Society Course PITAC Report Transforming our Society and Our Thoughts and Approaches beyond gift wrapping Old wine does not improve for being poured into different shaped bottles J Bruner we use technology as an add on to existing practices rather than as a catalyst for fundamentally rethinking participation and collaborating examples from CU webify our courses the e memo fallacy duality requiring a co evolution rethink participation in learning working and design activities in the context of new computational media rethink computational media in the context of participation in learning working and design activities E G Arias G Fischer 3 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Basic Notions from the Social and Behavioral Sciences Views of the concept As process Partaking in the activities of another individual or group conversation playing designing Learning etc Not always collaborative conflict As outcome Reason and motivation Fulfillment of goals objectives whose attainment is difficult for the individual group without such involvement Exit Voice and Loyalty Hirschman Empowerment from passive observer to active designer helping folks help themselves Ownership of the problem the Cole Neighborhood Arias E G Arias G Fischer 4 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Nature of the concept Contingent contingency theory Hoffer Galbraith Individual competency motivation and control Problem wicked vs tame Rittel Weber Simon Organization design Arias 1990 Limits education Gittell 1980 Can IT innovation extend them How EDC Leo Burd Paradoxical and challenging Informed participation E G Arias G Fischer Beyond Access CSCL paper 5 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Sustainability of the concept Contingent on two central attributes and a notion Reality actual vs potential e g the suggestion box Meaningfulness impact on the attainment of goal objectives behind the resolution of the problem Informed Participation challenge and paradox E G Arias G Fischer 6 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Participation role in organizational theory and management Participation and organizational behavior New views of employee behavior at the workplace post Hawthorne era Few concepts as closely related to human relations as participation Dessler 79 Participation and orgnizational change Augments employee s commitment and ownership to change Lawler 1976 Participation and organization condition productivity not always leads to better performance Morse Reimer 56 Dessler 79 satisfaction mostly normative theoretical statements Maslow 31 Cantril 65 Turner 76 organizational size management science ecological psychology Baumgartel Sobel 59 to Francis Milbourn 80 Manning theory Barker 64 Gump 71 E G Arias G Fischer 7 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Participation and community development Citizen participation 1960 s notion Resident participation public housing and squatter settlements Turner 76 Francescato et al 87 Arias 88 Pruitt Igoe St Louis Las Cruces Bogota Informed Participation Beyond Access CSCL paper Arias et al 99 E G Arias G Fischer 8 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Evolving New Technologies Supporting Informed Participation Beyond human computer human human interaction Face to face Distributed synchronous asynchronous Physical virtual objects Simulation Action Reflection E G Arias G Fischer 9 Spring 2000 Information Society Course The physical games E G Arias G Fischer The InterSim computational gameboard 10 Spring 2000 Information Society Course The EDC action reflection and beyond E G Arias G Fischer The Virtual Plane EDC and virtual reality 11 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Why nature of participatory setting Mutiple stakeholders multiple objective multiple criteria Change Conflict Wicked problems ill structures ill behaved On demand Why constructing shared understanding Symmetries of ignorance and symmetries of ignorance Informed compromises individuals Conflict resolution group Participation around and beyond the table distributed E G Arias G Fischer 12 Spring 2000 Information Society Course Discuss reading in the context of the presentation what do you consider the main message of the article the presentation what implications can be drawn from the concept to information technologies to design to art what are the limitations of information technology in supporting participation what did you find a interesting about the article This presentation b not interesting about the article This presentaiton c are themes discussed in the presentation or the article which you would like to know more about E G Arias G Fischer 13 Spring 2000 Information Society Course