MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Quantitative Physiology: Cells and Tissues 2.791J/2.794J/6.021J/6.521J/BE.370J/BE.470J/HST.541J Homework Assignment #4 Issued: October 8, 2004 Due: Thursday October 14, 2004 Reading Lecture 15 — Volume 1: 7.5 Lecture 16 — Volume 1: 7.5 Announcements This homework assignment is smaller than average to give you time to work on your lab reports. First drafts of your lab reports are due Friday, October 15, 2004 at 10:00 AM. Bring 3 copies. One will be reviewed by the technical staff. One will be reviewed by the writing staff. One will be reviewed by a peer student group. You and your partner will be assigned to review the report of another student group. All reviews are due Tuesday October 19, 2004 when they will be discussed at the Writing Clinic, to be held at 7:30 PM. Exercise 1. Define electroneutrality and briefly explain its physical basis. Exercise 2. Define the Nernst equilibrium potential and briefly explain its physical basis. Problem 1. Two compartments of a fluid-filled chamber are separated by a membrane as shown in the following figure. I V 1 mmol/L NaCl 0.1 mmol/L KCl 0.1 mmol/L NaCl 1 mmol/L KCl Compartment 1 Membrane Compartment 2 + − The area of the membrane is 100 cm2 and the volume of each compartment is 1000 cm3 . The solution in compartment #1 contains 1 mmol/L NaCl and 0.1 mmol/L KCL. The solution in com-partment #2 contains 0.1 mmol/L NaCl and 1 mmol/L KCL. The temperatures of the solutions are 24�C. The membrane is known to be permeable to a single ion, but it is not known if that ion is sodium, potassium, or chloride. Electrodes connect the solutions in the compartments to a battery. The current I was measured with the battery voltage V = 0 and was found to be I = −1 mA. a) Identify the permeant ion species. Explain your reasoning. b) Draw an equivalent circuit for the entire system, including the battery. Indicate values for those components whose values can be determined. 1c) Determine the current I that would result if the battery voltage were set to 1 volt. Explain your reasoning. Problem 2. Three compartments are separated from each other by semi-permeable membranes, as illustrated in the following figure. Vm Im + − cNa = 100 cK = 0 cCl = 100 cNa = 20 cK = 80 cCl = 100 cNa = 10 cK = 0 cCl = 10 compartment 1 compartment 2 compartment 3 permeant to� permeant to� Na+ only Cl− only Each compartment contains well-stirred solutions of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, with concentrations indicated in the figure (in mmol/L). The membrane between compartment 1 and 2 is permeant to sodium ions only, and its specific electrical conductivity GN a is 5 mS/cm2 . The membrane between compartment 2 and 3 is permeant to chloride ions only, and its specific electri-cal conductivity GCl is 2 mS/cm2. Both membranes have areas A = 10 cm2. The temperature T is such that RT /(F log e) = 60 mV. a) Sketch an electrical circuit that represents the steady-state relation between current and volt-age for the three compartments. Label the nodes that correspond to compartments 1, 2, and 3. Include the switch in your sketch. Label Im, Vm, and the conductances. b) Let V1 and V2 represent the steady-state potentials in compartments 1 and 2 with reference to compartment 3 when the switch is open. Calculate numerical values for V1 and V2. c) Compute the steady-state value of the current Im when the switch is closed.