Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Distinguish between self-esteem and self-efficacy.Contrast high and low self-monitoring individuals, and describe resulting problems each may have.Explain the social learning model of self-management.Identify and describe the Big Five personality dimensions, specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance, and describe the proactive personality.Explain the difference between an internal and external locus of control.Explain the concepts of emotional contagion and emotional labor, and identify the four components of emotional intelligenceAppreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality, EmotionsLearning ObjectivesChapter Five5-1 Figure 5-1An OB Model for Studying Individual DifferencesMcGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.PersonalitytraitsSelf Concept• Self-esteem• Self-efficacy• Self-monitoringThe Unique Individual Forms of Self- ExpressionAttitudesAbilitiesEmotionsSelf-ManagementMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Self-concept is a person’s self-perception as a physical, social, spiritual being.Cognitions are a person’s knowledge, opinions, or beliefs.Self-esteem is one’s overall self-evaluation.5-2McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.From Self-Concept to Self-ManagementMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-3McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Skills & Best Practices: How to Build Self-Esteem in Yourself and Others1. Live consciously2. Be self-accepting3. Take personal responsibility4. Be self-assertive5. Live purposefully6. Have personal integrityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to do a task5-4McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Self-Efficacy (“I can do that.”)McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-5 Figure 5-2Self-Efficacy Beliefs Pave the Way for Success or FailureMcGraw-HillPriorexperienceBehaviormodelsPersuasionFromOthersAssessmentOf PhysicalEmotional StateSources of Self-Efficacy BeliefsFeedback ResultsHigh“I know I can do this jobSelf-efficacy BeliefsLow“I don’t think I can get the job done.”BehaviorPatternsBehaviorPatternsSuccessFailureSelf-monitoring is observing one’s own behavior and adapting it to the situation5-6McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Self-MonitoringMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-7 Figure 5-3A Social Learning Model of Self-ManagementMcGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Person(Psychological self)Situational cuesConsequencesBehaviorMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-8 Table 5-1Covey’s Seven Habits: An Agenda forManagerial Self-Improvement1. Be proactive2. Being with the end in mind3. Put first things first4. Think win/win5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood6. Synergize7. Sharpen the sawMcGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-9 Table 5-2The Big Five Personality DimensionsMcGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-mindedOpenness to experienceRelaxed, secure, unworriedEmotional stabilityTrusting, good-natured, cooperative, softheartedAgreeablenessOutgoing, talkative, sociable, assertiveExtraversionCharacteristicsPersonality DimensionDependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistentConscientiousnessMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.A Proactive Personality is an action-oriented person who shows initiative and perseveres to change things.5-10McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Proactive PersonalityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-11McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Locus of ControlExternal locus of control: One’s life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate.Internal locus of control: belief that one controls key events and consequences in one’s life.McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-12McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Skills & Best Practices: How Lucky People Make Their Own Luck1. Maximize chance opportunities2. Listen to your lucky hunches3. Expect good fortune4. Turn bad luck into goodMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-13 Table 5-3Seven Major Mental AbilitiesMcGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Able to perceive spatial patterns and to visualize how geometric shapes would look if transformed in shape and positionSpatialAbility to make quick and accurate arithmetic computations such as adding and subtractingNumericalAbility to produce isolated words that fulfill symbolic or structural requirementsWord fluencyUnderstanding what words mean and readily comprehending what is readVerbal comprehensionDescriptionAbilityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-14 Table 5-3Seven Major Mental Abilities (Cont.)McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Ability to reason from specifics to general conclusionsInductive reasoningAbility to perceive figures, identify similarities and differences, and carry out tasks involving visual perceptionPerceptual speedDescriptionAbilityHaving good memory for paired words, symbols, lists of numbers, or other associated itemsMemoryMcGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5-15McGraw-Hill© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Positive and Negative EmotionsNegative emotions (Goal incongruent):- Anger - Fright/anxiety- Guilt/shame - Sadness- Envy/jealousy - DisgustPositive emotions (Goal congruent)- Happiness/joy - Pride- Love/affection -
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