Practice Exam 2 Fall 2014 1. What is the primary function of glial cells? 2. What are the two main parts of the efferent nervous system? 3. What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system? 4. Name the area of the brain mainly responsible for controlling each of the following functions: a) integration of spinal cord input_______________________ b) maintenance of balance ____________________ c) sensory perception__________________________ 5. Name one environmental stimulus that humans can perceive:_____________________ 6. Photoreceptors and thermorecptors are 2 kinds of receptors; name 2 other types. 7. Which of the following is the best description of sweet taste bud receptor function? a) Membrane receptors on sweet taste buds bind glucose or other sugars, which initiates a G protein system, which ultimately causes K+ channels to close, which thereby hyperpolarizes the membrane. b) Membrane receptors on sweet taste buds bind glucose or other sugars, which closes the K+ channels, which ultimately initiates a G protein system, which thereby depolarizes the membrane. c) Membrane receptors on sweet taste buds bind glucose or other sugars, which initiates a G protein system, which ultimately causes K+ channels to close, which thereby depolarizes the membrane. d) Membrane receptors on sweet taste buds bind acids (H+), which initiates a G protein system, which ultimately causes K+ channels to close, which thereby depolarizes the membrane. e) Membrane receptors on sweet taste buds bind glucose or other sugars, which hyperpolarizes the membrane, which ultimately causes K+ channels to close, which thereby initiates a G protein system. 8. For the following traits of the autonomic nervous system, identify whether the trait occurs in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both. a) Preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine ___________________________ b) Postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine____________________________9. During a fight or flight response, ________ receptors in blood vessels leading to the GI tract bind primarily _____ which causes the blood vessels to _________. a) Beta-2; epi; dilate b) Beta-2; norepi; dilate c) Alpha; norepi; constrict d) Beta-1; epi; dilate e) Beta-1; norepi; dilate 10. How are lipophilic hormones transported in the blood? 11. What are the two mechanisms by which binding of a hydrophilic hormone to a receptor on the cell membrane has an effect on the cell? 12. Which of the following statements about tropic hormones is true? a) A tropic hormone acts on another endocrine gland and causes it to release its hormone b) Epinephrine is a tropic hormone c) All lipophilic hormones are tropic hormones d) Both a and b are true e) Both and c are true 13. Thyroid hormones are produced from the amino acid ______ and from _________. 14. In Wookies, Gland A releases tropic hormone Alpha which stimulates Gland B to release tropic hormone Beta which stimulates Gland G to release hormone Gamma, which influences numerous effector organs throughout the body. If negative feedback works in Wookies as it does in human the human hypothalamus-anterior pituitary hormonal systems, what is the most likely negative feedback system in Wookies? 15. In Fig 1, which hormone switches from negative feedback to positive feedback on the pituitary? a) 1a b) 2b c) 3a and 3b d) 4a e) 4a and 4b 1b 2b 1a 2a 3a 4a 4b 3b Fig. 1. Part a of each curve occurs before the dotted vertical line; part b occurs