1Outline Lec 2: Plant body and functions1. Seed plants are the most successful land plants.2. Main stages of a plant’s life cycle.3. Plants have developed appropriate structures to carry out the functions. Organs, tissues, cells4. How do plants develop organs, tissues and cells?5. Why do cell types differ in structure and function?Regulation of protein activityRegulation of gene expression: protein and RNARef. BSCI 124, lec. 2 & 4Plant PhylogenyAngiosperms or flowering plants are the most advanced and dominant plants.1. Monocot2. DicotDicotMonocotMajor stages in the life of a plantSeedlingAutotrophsVegetative PlantReproductive plantSeed -1. Seed germination3. Development of the reproductive organs (flower)4. Seed formation2. Development of the plant bodyHeterotrophs2Plants develop appropriate structures to carry out special functions.Veg plant body is made of 3 organs:leafstemrootReproductive organs:FlowerFruitReproductive OrgansFlower: produces egg and spermpromote pollination and fertilization4 organs: sepalspetalsstamenspistilsFruit: protects embryo from harsh environment,protects embryo from animalspromotes seed dispersion? Difference between fruit and seed?Fig. 1-2Taiz1. A plant body is made up of cells, tissues and organs.ORGANS:Veg. body is made up of three organs:leaf,stemrootReproductive organs are:flowerfruitTissues: Each organ is made of several tissues.1. dermal2. ground3. vascular[4. Meristem]Cell typesCell types: A tissue consists of one or more cell types.1. dermal tissue includes the epidermis, guard cell (leaf)2. Ground tissue: includes cortex, mesophyll parenchyma 3. Vascular tissue includes xylem tracheids, phloem sieve tube, companion cellsCells are grouped in tissues and several tissues make up an organ.The ability of plants to grow and develop depends on the ability of individual cells to divide, differentiate and to carry out their intended functions.34How do plants develop organs & cell types? Plants development is characterized by permanent embryogenyUnlike animals, plants can grow indefinitely at the growing tips. Growth and Development includes:•Cell Division•Enlargement (or Elongation)•Differentiation (or specialization)---> cell typesMeristems:•Shoot apical meristem--->leaf and stem•Root apical meristem--> root•Cambium --->increase girth of stemFig. 5-8TaizLongitudinal Section ofRoot16-13. Shoot apical meristemShoot apical meristem Floral apical meristem51-4. Plant cell1-10.GeneexpressionWhy do cells differ in form and