DOC PREVIEW
Purdue HORT 30600 - Lecture Notes

This preview shows page 1-2-3 out of 8 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 8 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 8 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 8 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 8 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

History of Horticulture: Lecture 291Lecture 29 Lecture 29 Rise of Science in the 17thand 18thCenturyThe scientific revolution in this period was responsible for advances from supernaturalism to secularism, from theology to science, from hope of heaven and fears of hell to plans for the enlargement of knowledge and the improvement of human lifeNew Systems of Philosophy and Experimental ScienceWill and Ariel Durant, The story of civilizationFusion of theoretical and applied sciencesDevelopment of new scientific instruments:barometer, air pump, sextantTechnology allowed humans to move outside visual worldAstronomy via the telescope invented by Jannssen, a Dutch spectacle maker in 1590Discoveries in the heavens by Galilei Galileo (1564–1642)Biology via the microscopeScience became an important force in Western CivilizationScience Societies: Royal Society of London founded 166217thCentury BeginningsFrancis Bacon1561–1626 (English)Thomas Hobbes1588–1679 (English)Baruch Spinoza1632–1677 (Dutch)Rene Descartes1596–1650 (French)Isaac Newton1642–1727 (English)Gottfried Leibnitz1647–1716 (German)History of Horticulture: Lecture 292Robert Hooke (1634–1703) English experimental physicist with wide interest in scienceMotion of heavenly bodies regarded as a problem, discovers universal gravitation, feuds with Newton.Examines a wide range of materials with microscopeDiscovers the cell. Recognizes that plant tissues are “all perforated and porous, much like a honeycomb” Gave the name cells to these pores, Referred to cell walls as interstitia, but not considered a constituent part of the cell, “for in several of these vegetables whilst green, I have with my microscope plainly enough discovered these cells filled with juices, and by degrees sweating them out.”Publishes results in Micrographia (1665)MicroscopyThe Plant SciencesThe Anatomy of Plants 1682Dutch microscopist; Father of Scientific MicroscopyConstructs 400 microscopes, bequests 26 to Royal Society of LondonRefers to animacules (little animals)Extended Malphighi’s demonstration of blood capillaries, later describe blood corpusclesLife cycle of aphidsStem structures in monocots and dicotsPolyembryony in citrusMale spermatozoaFirst drawing of bacteriaAnton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723)History of Horticulture: Lecture 293Italian physician, anatomist, physiologist, microscopist.First to utilize microscope to study animal and plant structure and histology (tissues structure)Layers of tissues in leaves and young shoots found to becontinuous with those of the main stemDistinguishes fibers, tubes and other constituents of woodFirst to understand the food function of leavesObserves stomata, nodules in legume rootsRelates ovule to seed and carpel to fruitMarcello Malphighi (1629–1684)English physician, anatomist, and physiologistCo-founder of plant anatomy with MalphighiSecretary of Royal Society of LondonCompares plant and animal tissue in essay before Royal Society (1671, 1672, 1674)Tissue histology, describes parenchymaNote that pollen is bee-breadObserves scatted vascular bundles in monocots.Resin ducts in pineExtracts chlorophyll using oil as a solventNehemiah Grew (1642–1712)Joseph Pitton de Tourneford(1656–1708) suggests flowers and fruits as basis of classification, although he failed to understand sexuality in plants, began study of plant systematics beyond genera.Plant ClassificationHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 294Professor Botanic Gardens at Tübingen, 1688Through study of dioecious and monoecious plants explains function of pollen and egg; considered apices with pollen as male, first modern understanding of plant sexuality Rudolph Camerarius (1665–1721)Babylonian pollinating date palmSwedish botanist and physiciansCurator of the gardens of the University of Lund at age 23Traveled in Lapland, Holland, England and France1741 Head of Botany of the University of UpsulaFather of TaxonomyCarolus Linnaeus (Carl Von Linne) 1707–1778History of Horticulture: Lecture 295Established groups of organism that depended upon structural or morphological similarities and differences.Basic taxonomic criteria for groupings were based on morphology of reproductive parts, parts least apt to be influenced by environment. However, his system was artificial and is not longer being used; depended on no. of stamens and carpels as a method of grouping plants.Credited with establishment of binomial nomenclature.Systema Naturae 1735, Fundamenta Botanica 1736Genera Plantarum 1737, Classes Plantarum 1738, Philosophia Botanica 1751Named more than 1300 different plants (and as many or more animals); many names still used.Joseph Gottlieb Koelreuter (1733–1806)First systematic experiments on plant hybridization using tobacco(Nicotiana paniculata × N. rustica)He demonstrated that hybrids resembleboth parents.Experimentally verified the geneticcontribution of pollenFirst observed hybrid vigor (heterosis)HybridizingJoachim Jung (1587–1657) argued that plants have no soul; studies absorption by rootsM. Malphighi and N. Grew, established leaves as producers of foodJ.B. van Helmont (1527–1644)Infamous experiments with wrong conclusions.Assumes carbon fixation from air and oxygen and hydrogen from water. Plant PhysiologyHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 296English physician, chemist, inventor, and country vicarStudies physiology on foundation of Grew’s anatomical workFirst to use quantitative results: studies movement of sap, root pressure, transpiration, flow of nutrients by girdlingContended plants draw some parts of the nourishment form air and that leaves absorb lightStatical Essays, Vegetable Staticks(1727)Stephen Hales (1671–1761)Source: Hales, Vegetable Staticks, 1727.Experiments, to find out the force with which trees imbibe moistureProved that oxygen (dephlogisticated air) is produced by plantsDiscovers photosynthesis and respiration Joseph Priestly (1733–1804)History of Horticulture: Lecture 297Hans Sloan (1660–1750)Collected 800 species from West Indies.James Cunningham, sent to China in 1698 to investigate floraGeorge Eberhard Rumph (Rumphius) 1628–1702, known as “Pliny of the Indies,” explores Moluccas, describes 1700 species, stationed on small island of AmboinaHerbarium Amboinense 1741–1755Era of Botanical ExplorationSir Joseph Banks (1743–1820)Wealthy English landownerPresident Royal Society for 42 years; dictator of English BotanyExplored Newfoundland, Brazil, New Zealand, and Australia Plant


View Full Document

Purdue HORT 30600 - Lecture Notes

Documents in this Course
Pliny

Pliny

2 pages

Reading

Reading

2 pages

Reading

Reading

4 pages

Reading

Reading

2 pages

Lecture 5

Lecture 5

14 pages

Load more
Download Lecture Notes
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Lecture Notes and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Lecture Notes 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?