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MIT HST 071 - Final Examination

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PLEASE ENTER YOUR NAME BEFORE YOU START THIS TEST _____________________________ HST-071 FINAL EXAMINATION 1) You are asked to see a young male with the complaint of "no testicles." From further history and physical examination, you decide that your patient has bilateral cryptorchidism. With regard to puberty and sex drive which of the following is true ? A. early puberty, hyperactive sex drive B. early puberty, hypoactive sex drive C. late puberty, normal sex drive D. regular puberty, normal sex drive E. no puberty, no sex drive 2) In the patient above with bilateral cryptorchidism, he has a A. decreased risk of testicular cancer B. decreased risk of prostate cancer C. increased risk of prostate cancer D. increased risk of testicular cancer E. unchanged risk of either prostate or testicular cancer 3) Sperm is made by germ cells in the testes. The passage of sperm from point of origin to urethra is as follows: A. rete testis, seminiferous tubules, epidydimis, vas deferens B. semiferous tubules, rete testis, epidydimis, vas deferens C. epidydimis, vas deferens, rete testis, seminiferous tubules D. rete testis, epidydimis, vas deferens, seminiferous tubules E. seminiferous tubules, epidydimis, vas deferens, rete testis 4) Patients suffering from benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) suffer from having an enlarged prostate. The treatment of choice is Proscar, which is a 5a-reductase inhibitor. This enzyme is important in A. the conversion of androgens to estrogens B. cholesterol to testosterone C. testosterone to dihydrotestosterone D. dihydrotestosterone to androstenedione E. estrone to estriol Course Director: Professor Henry KlapholzHarvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyHST.071: Human Reproductive Biology5) All of the following are risk factors warranting prenatal diagnosis, except: A. maternal age >35 yrs B. family hx of neural tube defects C. history of two previous miscarriages D. family history of chromosome abnormality E. either parent with balanced translocation carrier 6) All of the following are true about alpha-feto-protein (AFP), except: A. has a known function in the fetus B. can first be detected in maternal serum at 15-17 weeks C. Decreased AFP levels associated with trisomy 21, trisomy 18, IUGR (intrauterine grown retardation), and incorrect dating D. first detectable in the fetus by 4 wks gestation E. neural tube defects, multiple pregnancy, abdominal wall defects, and incorrect dating are associated with elevated levels. 7) The Down syndrome (trisomy 21) occurs in 1/600 births in the population. It is associated with congenital heart disease, thyroid dysfunction, respiratory problems, and early onset Alzheimer's disease. The most important risk factor is: A. use of DES when mother was in utero B. use of tobacco while pregnant C. listening to classic rock D. use of alcohol while pregnant E. maternal age >35 yrs at time of pregnancy 8) The major risk of obstetrical forceps are A. excess cost for the delivery B. Damage due to shear stress caused by compression of the head C. Damage due to shear stress caused by rotation of the fetal head D. Soft tissue injury 9) The pacemaker for the uterus is located A. near the right utero-ovarian artery anatomosis B. In the cervix C. At the fundus of the uterus D. At the post synaptic ganglion know as Frankenhauser’s Ganglion 10) That part of the labor curve where little dilation is noted A. Phase of maximum slope B. Latent phase C. Second stage D. Third stage E. Active phase11) Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a common genital infection in both men and women causing genital warts. 12-24 million people in the US between the ages of 15-49 are infected with HPV. HPV infection increases the risk of which of the following: A. ovarian cancer B. endometrial cancer C. vaginosis D. cervical cancer E. vulvar cancer 12) Effective “morning after contraception” can be achieved by administering A. 2 birth control pills 12 hours apart B. Douching with ½% acetic acid C. Inserting an IUD 5 days after intercourse D. None of the above 13) The definition of hypertension in pregnancy is as follows: A. BP> 125/50 in Ist trimester or BP > 125/85 in 3rd trimester. B. BP > 150/90 prior to pregnancy C. BP > l2O/8O at any time during pregnancy D. BP change of > 10 mmHg between both arms during pregnancy E. none of the above 14) Eclampsia is essentially pre-eclampsia with seizures. Pre-Eclampsia is associated with all of the following except: A. hypertension B. proteinuria C. peripheral edema D. elevated uric acid and decreased platelets E. decreased hematocrit 15) Risk factors for the development of pre-eclampsia include all of the following except: A. very young or very old pregnant women with their first pregnancies B. family history C. second pregnancy D. any pregnancy with a new father E. "excess placenta" state --> hydatiform mole, twin pregnancy, etc. 16) Which of the following statements about pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is not true? A. Predisposing medical conditions include hypertension and diabetes mellitus B. In large studies, aspirin has proven to be of little value decreasing risk C. A vicious cycle of fibrin deposition -> platelet aggregation -> diffuse endothelial injury occurs in all organs leading to the systemic manifestations. D. Earliest maternal changes include activation of platelets, endothelial cell activation, and decreased sensitivity to pressors (angiotensin 11) E. Risk to fetus includes low birth weight and placental infarcts 17) Amenorrhea can be either primary or secondary depending on whether the patient has had menses in the past. Familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann's syndrome) is a familial disorder characterized by hyposmia, various midline defects, cleft lip or palate, and sexual immaturity due to low gonadotropin levels. This would be classified asA. primary amenorrhea B. secondary amenorrhea C. tertiary amenorrhea D. no problem with menses E. none of the above 18) A 45 year man presents with decreased libido and impotency. A prolactin level was elevated at 49 and a Head CT was normal. Further work up revealed that this patient suffered from left temporal lobe epilepsy and was treated with tegretol with full recovery. The mechanism of left temporal lobe epilepsy leading to these symptoms is which one of the following: A. alters the hypothalamic GNRH pulse generator B. inhibits LH and FSH


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MIT HST 071 - Final Examination

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