HIST 2620 Section 008 Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Wartime 1861 1865 II Presidential Reconstruction 1865 1867 Outline of Current Lecture I Black Codes II Congress s complaints III Congress Johnson disagreements a Freedmen s Bureau b Early 1866 2nd Freedmen s Bureau Bill c Fourteenth amendment 1866 1868 d Election of 1866 Current Lecture I Black codes a set up in each southern state undergoing Johnson s plan to regulate and control freedmen b Restrictive on i Gun ownership ii Housing iii Curfews c Vagrancy laws i Vagrant cannot support self ii Arrested for unemployment d Not all aspects of the black codes were bad i Freemen who could not support themselves for some reason were taken care of by former slave owners ii Slave marriage was not considered legal because property cannot enter contracts 1 But if they were married during slavery then the marriage would still be valid if they went to the courthouse iii White men saw themselves as fathers the black codes made them paternalistic II Congress s Complaints a Disliked the splitting of the black codes b Disliked the election of new officers for southern states These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i The same men who were in charge previously and took the states out of the Union were being reelected ii Congress reassembled in Decmber 1865 1 Only TX did not show up because a It took so long to travel send or receive mail b They started after everyone else because there was no Union army in TX to enforce Johnson s plan c June 19 1865 US army announced the end of the war and the end of slavery in TX 2 Congress did not allow southern state reps to sit in Congress 3 Congress set up joint committee to investigate if the rumors about the black codes and other mistreatments were happening a Reported that Johnson s plan had not worked 4 Congress no longer implemented Johnson s plan III 1865 Congress and Johnson disagreed with a Freedmen s Bureau i Federal agency helped former slaves adjust from slavery to freedom 1 Illiterate 2 Owned no property 3 Don t know how to pay taxes 4 Don t know how to enter into a contract ii Provide 1 Physical protection 2 Provide food 3 Provide schools 4 Provide legal advice iii Only lasted a year b Early 1866 2nd Freedmen s Bureau Bill i Extended it a few more years ii Gave the bill more power iii Johnson vetoed it iv Congress passed it anyway 1 They just had to get 2 3 majority from the House and the Senate v The bill is the first time US government got involved with social reform vi Another incident of 1866 that brought Congress and the President against each other c Fourteenth Amendment 1866 1868 i Defined US citizenship for the 1st time guaranteed equal protection of the laws 1 First definition of US citizenship a Anyone born or naturalized in the US is a citizen 2 For the first time black Americans were considered citizen 3 Said that states must guarantee to all their citizens equal protection of the laws 4 The equality amendment ii Dropped the old 3 5 rule iii Barred pre war leaders from office iv Repudiated the Confederacy v Johnson said people should vote no Congress was mad for that d Election of 1866 i First chance for American voters to say what they want reconstruction to be ii Elect a new Congress that is even more anti Johnson than before 1 Republicans have more that of the members of House and Senate
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