Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Strings and Tuples1-24-2011Opening DiscussionDo you have any question about the quiz?Negative NumbersWe don't have a – in the computer for negative numbers. All we have are 1 and 0. So how do we make negative numbers?Remember the definition of negative numbers as additive inverse.a+(-a)=0We want to preserve this to keep addition simple.This gives us 2s-compliment numbers.Binary MultiplicationMultiplying binary numbers works just like long multiplication with decimals, but easier.My only recommendation is you only add two numbers at a time and take it in steps.HexadecimalBinary is unwieldy for humans because of the large number of digits.Hexadecimal (base 16) is commonly used because it converts nicely to binary, but has few digits.Four bits is a hex digit. Start at the right and group bits by 4.Use letters A-F for numbers 10-15.Hex literals start with 0xtoHexStringOctalOctal (base 8) is less common than hex, but not uncommon.Group bits into groups of three.Octal literals and toOctalString().The math ObjectFor other math functions use methods on the math object.For example, use math.sqrt() to take the square root of a number.CharactersThe Char type represents a single character in Scala.The literal for Char has the letter that you want in single quotes.The Char is stored in the computer as a 16-bit unsigned integer encoded in Unicode.Unicode has the alphabet of every written language in it.You can convert to an Int to see the numeric values of characters.Escape CharactersNot all characters can be easily entered. For things you can't nicely type, use escape characters.\n – for a new line\t – for a tab\” - to get a double quote\' - to get a single quote\\ - to get a backslashStringsWe have seen the String type and that re represent String literals by putting characters in double quotes.Escape characters can also go inside of normal strings.Strings have many methods. We can see the basics using tab completion. (If we put in some extra parentheses.)Raw StringsThere are some situations when using escape characters is a pain.For this, use triple double quotes to make a raw string.Anything you type between the triple double quotes will go into the string.They can span multiple lines even.Concatenation and RepetitionYou can concatenate strings with +.You can duplicate a string multiple times with *.In just a second we can use this to right align a string or zero pad a number.VariablesIt is very common to want to represent values with names.A variable is a name that we use to represent a value.In Scala we can declare variables using val or var.val name:Type = expressionvar name:Type = expressionA val can't change it's value, a var can.The colon and type generally optional.TuplesAnother type in Scala is the Tuple type.A tuple has comma separated values in parentheses.They give us a way to handle a fixed set of associated values.Assignment into a tuple does pattern matching.Minute EssayWhat questions do you have about the topics we have been working
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