Midterm 2: Review4/09/2007Topics ALUsModify inputs to adders to cause it to compute new functions.Determine which functions are implemented.Be sure which system you’re representing numbers inE.g. A-B in 1’s complement is A-B-1 in 2’s complement.Logical vs. Arithmetic. Bitwise vs. LogicalTopics LatchesCombinational vs. Sequential CircuitsBasic properties of memorySR latchS=1: set; R=1: reset SR=11: illegal inputTiming diagram;D latchControl/Data inputsTopics Flip FlopsClock edge triggered (positive or negative)Clock inputsD/JK/T flip-flops.Characteristic and excitation tables provided.Convert from one to anotherDirect (asynchronous) inputsTopics Sequential Circuit AnalysisBasically, determine what a circuit is doingConvert from a circuit to a state tableDetermine FF inputs, next states and outputsConvert from a state table to a state diagramTopics Sequential Circuit DesignGoing the other way: create a circuit to implement a specific deviceCreate a state diagram for some device (state recognizer, etc.) Convert a state diagram to a state tableConvert from a state table to a circuitMin. number of flip flops?TopicsCountersBe able to combine Counter-4’s to make larger countersAlter counting pathsStopping before reaching max valueStarting higher than 0Skipping values, etc.CO=0 when (UP=1 and value = 1111 orwhen UP =0 and value = 0000) and the counter is enabled.Create new counters from scratch (circuit design)Self-starting counterFrequency of a counterTopics Registers & Shift RegistersGrouping of conjoined Flip FlopsParallel load implementationShift left, shift rightCircular shiftsSwitch-tail ring countersMuxes to choose functionsTopicsRAMAddress lines for a size of ram.Each doubling in the address space adds 1 address line. Log2growth.Word size changes do not affect the number of address lines.Combine RAM chips to create larger RAM (both more address space and larger words)Use decoders to turn on/off proper chipsAddress ranges for
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