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UI PTTE 434 - Lecture 7

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PTTE 434 Quality Organization & Management Lecture 7Chapter OverviewSome useful URLs on Control ChartsProcess Control Charts Slide 1 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 2 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 3 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 4 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 5 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 6 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 7 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 8 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 9 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 10 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 11 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 12 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 13 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 14 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 15 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 16 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 17 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 18 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 19 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 20 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 21 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 22 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 23 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 24 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 25 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 26 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 27 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 28 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 29 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 30 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 31 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 32 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 33 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 34 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 35 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 36 of 37Process Control Charts Slide 37 of 37Process Capability Slide 1 of 4Process Capability Slide 2 of 4Process Capability Slide 3 of 4Process Capability Slide 4 of 4Slide 45Slide 46PTTE 434Quality Organization & Management Lecture 7Ch 11: Statistical Tools for Analyzing Data (Process Control Charts)2 Chapter OverviewStatistical FundamentalsProcess Control ChartsSome Control Chart ConceptsProcess CapabilityOther Statistical Techniques in Quality Management3Some useful URLs on Control ChartsStat Soft Quality Control Charts:http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stquacon.htmlFree Quality. Org (Many free tools)http://www.freequality.org(Please Note: These tools are supported by MS Excel and Access and download best when MS Internet Explorer is used.)Wikipidia on Control Chartshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_chartSix Sigma on Control Chartshttp://www.isixsigma.com/st/control_charts/Univariant and Multivariant Control Chartshttp://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pmc/section3/pmc3.htm4 Process Control ChartsSlide 1 of 37Process ChartsTools for monitoring process variation.The figure on the following slide shows a process control chart. It has an upper limit, a center line, and a lower limit.5 Process Control ChartsSlide 2 of 37Control Chart (Figure 10.3 in the Textbook)Upper ControlLimit (UCL)Lower ControlLimit (LCL)CenterLine (CL)The UCL, CL, andLCL are computedstatisticallyEach point representsdata that are plottedsequentially6 Process Control ChartsSlide 3 of 37Variables and AttributesTo select the proper process chart, we must differentiate between variables and attributes.A variable is a continuous measurement such as weight, height, or volume.An attribute is the result of a binomial process that results in an either-or-situation. The most common types of variable and attribute charts are shown in the following slide.7 Process Control ChartsSlide 4 of 37Variables and AttributesVariablesAttributesX (process population average) P (proportion defective)X-bar (mean for average) np (number defective)R (range) C (number conforming)MR (moving range) U (number nonconforming)S (standard deviation)8 Process Control ChartsSlide 5 of 37Central Requirements for Properly Using Process Charts1. You must understand the generic process for implementing process charts.You must know how to interpret process charts.You need to know when different process charts are used.You need to know how to compute limits for the different types of process charts.4.3.2.9 Process Control ChartsSlide 6 of 37A Generalized Procedure for Developing Process ChartsIdentify critical operations in the process where inspection might be needed. These are operations in which, if the operation is performed improperly, the product will be negatively affected.Identify critical product characteristics. These are the attributes of the product that will result in either good or poor function of the product.10 Process Control ChartsSlide 7 of 37A Generalized Procedure for Developing Process Charts (continued)Determine whether the critical product characteristic is a variable or an attribute.Select the appropriate process control chart from among the many types of control charts. This decision process and types of charts available are discussed later.Establish the control limits and use the chart to continually improve.11 Process Control ChartsSlide 8 of 37A Generalized Procedure for Developing Process Charts (continued)Update the limits when changes have been made to the process.12 Process Control ChartsSlide 9 of 37Understanding Control ChartsA process chart is nothing more than an application of hypothesis testing where the null hypothesis is that the product meets requirements.An X-bar chart is a variables chart that monitors average measurement. An example of how to best understand control charts is provided under the heading “Understanding Control Charts” in the textbook.13 Process Control ChartsSlide 10 of 37X-bar and R ChartsThe X-bar chart is a process chart used to monitor the average of the characteristics being measured. To set up an X-bar chart select samples from the process for the characteristic being measured. Then form the samples into rational subgroups. Next, find the average value of each sample by dividing the sums of the measurements by the sample size and plot the value on the process control X-bar chart.14 Process Control ChartsSlide 11 of 37X-bar and R Charts (continued)The R chart is used to monitor the variability or dispersion of the process. It is used in conjunction with the X-bar chart when the process characteristic is variable. To develop an R chart, collect samples from the process and organize them into subgroups, usually of three to six items. Next, compute the range, R, by taking the difference of the high value in the subgroup minus the low value. Then plot the R values on the R chart.15 Process Control ChartsSlide 12 of 37X-bar and R Charts16 Process Control ChartsSlide 13 of


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