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UT INF 385T - Information Architecture & Design

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Information Architecture & DesignAnatomy of IAStructural Anatomy for IAOrganizing InformationWurman’s Hatracks (LATCH)Organizing Information…IA StructuresQuestions for IADeliverables That Clarify & FocusStructure & MemorabilityStructure & Memorability ResultsStructure & Memorability Results...Concept MapsYou Are Here: Maps 101Memory, Structure & Scent for IRSlide 16Limits of Structure (Bernstein)Limits of Structure…What’s Next?Information Architecture & Design Information Architecture & Design •Week 4 Schedule-Group Project Proposal Due-Planning IA Structures-Other Readings-Research Topic PresentationsAnatomy of IAAnatomy of IA•Search-Engine-Index-Results•Navigation- Links-Buttons-Page (Site)-Browser•Site Maps-Guides and Wizards-Links, Hierarchies and Taxonomies•LabelsStructural Anatomy for IAStructural Anatomy for IA•Headings•Embedded Links•Metadata (appearance)•Chunks of Content•Lists•Steps•Identifiers-Navigational Help-Logos(?)Organizing InformationOrganizing Information•Alphabetical-Directories (Big)-Lists (Smaller)•Chronological-Local-Global•Geographical•Ambiguous-Odd-Rules once known…•PersonalWurman’s Hatracks (LATCH)Wurman’s Hatracks (LATCH)•Location•Alphabet•Time•Category•HierarchyOrganizing Information…Organizing Information…•Topic-Yellow Pages-Layers•Task-Shop-Learn•Audience-Experts-Beginners•Metaphor•HybridsIA StructuresIA Structures•Top Down-Centralized-Not always just one•Bottom Up-Content Driven-Technology Driven•Broad and Deep-Grouping-Dynamic (Personalization)•Links•Creativity•BalanceQuestions for IAQuestions for IA-Who?•Purpose•Help!-What?•Purpose•Content-Where?•Navigation•Wayfinding-When?•What’s New?•What’s Old?-How?•Search?•Browse?-Why?Deliverables That Clarify & FocusDeliverables That Clarify & Focus•Concept Maps-Overview of Design•Goals•Functions (Groups)•Wireframes (GUI)•Storyboards-Scenarios-User Perspective•Block Diagrams-Flowcharts-Diagram Conventions•Flow Maps-Window/Screen Design-High Fidelity ViewsStructure & MemorabilityStructure & Memorability•Site Size & Structure vs. User(s) Perception-Lynch’s Study (to the Web)•Landmarks (Passini)•Paths (Passini)•Districts•Nodes (with Hubs)•Edges (boundaries)-Algorithm for Landmark Detection (? & Not Effective)-Browsers vs. Searchers-Four Experiment Web Sites•Logs•Structure•User FeedbackStructure & Memorability ResultsStructure & Memorability Results•Support Strong Mental Models to make Wayfinding Easier•Very Structured Sites are More Usable (and seem smaller)•Design Strongly Hierarchical Sites to Make Them Seem Smaller•Site Size Has Little Effect on User Navigation and Mental Models•User’s Site Drawings Showed Strong Hierarchical Structure-Not much cross-linking drawnStructure & Memorability Results...Structure & Memorability Results...•Strongly Hierarchical Sites had more Nodes (Pages) accessed•“Higher” Nodes are More Memorable•More Visits to a Node Increased its Memorability•Structural Landmarks Poor Predictors of (Actual) Behavioral Landmarks•Strongly Hierarchical Sites May Not Be By Design, but By Perceptual and Cognitive Styles (?)•Small Study, but conforms to HCI pastConcept MapsConcept Maps-A Visual Technique for Design-(Relatively) Traditional-Applied in Many Fields•Knowledge Structures (Learning)•Arguments (Viewpoints)-Software Makes this Possible & Applicable•Keywords•Structure Mining and Generation-Semantic Networks as Concept Maps-A Modeling Language? (Scripts)-Design and Evaluation Tool (for Groupwork)-As Web Site Amplification (extra window or app?)You Are Here: Maps 101You Are Here: Maps 101•We All Know Maps (or do we?)•Artistry•Accuracy•Draw to Scale•North as Up/Top•Location in Context•Standards and Consistency•Details (at the right time and place)• Scope•Views (multiple)Memory, Structure & Scent for IRMemory, Structure & Scent for IR•Lostness Measures-Optimal Paths-Number of Links and Unique Visits•Reaction Times-Completeness-Timeouts•Ratings•Statistical Analysis-Specific-Over Fitting•Links are Easier than other studies?-Numbers and Memory-Menu Design•Context of StudyMemory, Structure & Scent for IRMemory, Structure & Scent for IR•Design for a Balance of Depth and Breadth-Favor Breadth over Depth-Support for Task Breadth (Navigation)•Balance in Design for Tasks and Functions•Numbers of (Menu) Items-Short Term Memory-Design for Long Term Memory-Labels and Affects•More Time to Evaluate Larger Structures•Search and Browse vs. Breadth and Depth•Foraging Support (Optimal Path)•Visual (Recognitions) vs. Cognition (Decisions)Limits of Structure (Bernstein)Limits of Structure (Bernstein)•Hypertext as Craft to Engage Readers•Garden & Wilderness Metaphors-Signs-Guideposts•Navigation Not Always the Problem-Lots of Navigation Devices (% of page)-Could Be Poorly Written Text•Disorientation May Open Other Possibilities-Excitement-AttentionLimits of Structure…Limits of Structure…•Navigation Ease Lets Users Exit Quickly-Were they really finished with the task?•Revisitation suggests closure•The Central Page (not always the home page)-Were there other elements to explore?•Overriding the Content•Paths Get “Worn Out” (Commonality)•What About Discovery?•The Fastest/Shortest Path Is Not Always the Best-Give Readers both Wilderness and Parks to invite adventure or staying.What’s Next?What’s Next?•Presentations•Proposal


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UT INF 385T - Information Architecture & Design

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