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MAE 438/538 Smart MaterialsGrading scheme for MAE 438Grading scheme for MAE 538Test datesSmart materialsSmart structuresCivil structuresLightweight structuresFunctions for structuresApplications of strain-stress sensingSlide 11Applications of damage sensingDamage sensing methodsPiezoresistivitySlide 15Slide 16Self-healing conceptProblems with self-healingTypes of smartnessAdvantages of intrinsic smartnessSlide 21Advantages of automatic highwaySlide 23Applications of materialsReading assignmentApplicationsHistory of human civilizationTypes of materialsCeramicsExamples of ceramicsPolymersSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Examples of polymersSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Types of polymerSlide 45CompositesComposite materialsSlide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Cement-matrix compositesCarbonsStructuresStructures (continued)Multifunctionality in structuresMultifunctionality in structures (continued)Embedded or attached devices or materialsDisadvantages of embedded or attached devicesStructural performanceStructural performance (continued)Electronic applicationsElectrical applicationsElectrical applications (continued)Slide 65Slide 66Optical applicationsMagnetic applicationsMagnetic applications (continued)Electronic packagingThermal applicationsMechanisms of heat transferMaterials for thermal applicationsElectrochemical reactionElectrochemical applicationsEnvironmental protectionBiomedical applicationsBiomedical materials and devicesBiomedical materials and devices (continued)Requirements of implant materialsA biomedical composite materialSlide 82Desirable qualities of an adsorption materialPore size nomenclatureFunctions of filter materialsMAE 438/538 Smart MaterialsProfessor Deborah [email protected] Hall, Room 608Tel. (716) 645-2593 X2243Fax. (716) 645-3875Grading scheme for MAE 438Test 1 25%Test 2 25%Final 50%Grading scheme for MAE 538Test 1 20%Test 2 20%Final 40%Paper 20%Test datesTest 1: Feb. 3, 2005Test 2: Mar. 22, 2005Smart materialsMaterials for smart structuresSmart structuresStructures that can sense stimuli and respond to them in appropriate fashionsCivil structuresBuildings Bridges PiersHighwaysAirport runwaysLandfill coverLightweight structuresAircraftSatellitesTurbine bladesAutomobilesBicyclesSporting goodsWheelchairsTransportable bridgesFunctions for structures•Structural•Vibration reduction•Self-sensing of strain/stress•Self-sensing of damage•Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding•Lightning protection•Self-heating (e.g., deicing)•Self-healingApplications of strain-stress sensing•Traffic monitoring•Weighing (including weighing in motion)•Building facility management•Security•Structural vibration controlApplications of damage sensing•Structural health monitoring•Damage/microstructural evolution studyDamage sensing methods•Acoutic emission•Electrical resistivity measurement•Optical fiber sensor embedmentPiezoresistivity•Change of electrical resistivity due to strain•Gage factor = fractional change in resistance per unit strain (more than 2)•Gage factor up to 700 attained in carbon fiber reinforced cementSelf-healing concept•Embedding microcapsules of monomer in composite•Having catalyst in composite outside the microcapsules•Upon fracture of microcapsule, monomer meets catalyst, thereby former a polymer which fills the crack.Problems with self-healing•Toxicity of monomer•High cost of catalystTypes of smartness•Extrinsic smartness•Intrinsic smartnessAdvantages of intrinsic smartness•Low cost•High durability•Large functional volume•Absence of mechanical property lossAdvantages of automatic highwaySafetyMobilityLane Lane (a) (b)Applications of materialsTopic 1Reading assignmentChung, “Composite Materials”, Ch. 1 on Applications.Askeland and Phule, The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4th Edition, Ch. 15 on Polymers.ApplicationsStructural applicationsElectronic applicationsThermal applicationsElectrochemical applicationsEnvironmental applicationsBiomedical applicationsHistory of human civilizationStone AgeBronze AgeIron AgeSteel AgeSpace Age Electronic AgeTypes of materialsMetalsCeramicsPolymersSemiconductorsComposite materialsCeramicsIonic/covalent bondingVery hard (brittle)High melting temperatureLow electrical/thermal conductivityExamples of ceramicsAl2O3 (aluminum oxide or alumina) Fe3O4 (iron oxide or ferrite)WC (tungsten carbide)Cement (silicates)PolymersMoleculesSoftLow melting temperatureLow electrical/thermal conductivity(PVC)©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.StyreneExamples of polymersRubberPolyesterNylonCellulosePitchCopolymerPolymer blend©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.Styrene-butadiene block copolymerBranching©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.Types of polymerThermoplastic (softens upon heating)Thermoset (does not soften upon heating)Compression moldingCompositesArtificial combinations of materialsComposite materialsPolymer-matrix compositesCement-matrix compositesMetal-matrix compositesCarbon-matrix compositesCeramic-matrix compositesComposite materialsParticulateFibrous (discontinuous fibers)Fibrous (continuous fibers)LamellarCement-matrix compositesCement pasteMortarConcreteCarbonsGraphiteDiamondFullerenes (buckminsterfullerenes)Carbon nanotubesTurbostratic carbonDiamond-like carbon (DLC)Intercalation compounds of graphiteExfoliated graphite (“worms”)Flexible graphiteStructuresBuildings, bridges, piers, highways, landfill coverAircraft, satellites, missilesAutomobiles (body, bumper, shaft, window, engine components, brake, etc.)Bicycles, wheelchairsShips, submarinesMachineryTennis rackets, fishing rods, skisStructures (continued)Pressure


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UB MAE 438 - Smart materials

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