Name:__________________________In Physics 211, you learned that all masses exert a gravitational force on each other obeying Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation.Q1. List the similarities and the differences between the force of gravity and the electric force.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Consider the example of the Hydrogen atom; a simplified (but very useful) model for this atom consists of a single electron going in a circular orbit around a single proton. The parameters of the Hydrogen atom are as follows:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q6. A rule of thumb calculation (no calculators!): The Coulomb force between an electron and a proton in an atom is given to be 10 nN (“n” = “nano” or 10-9). If the distance between these charges is tripled, what now is the magnitude of the electrical force between them?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q7. How much is a “coulomb”? The concepts you encountered in Physics 211 were somewhat familiar from everyday life – e.g. we all have a physical feeling for the meaning of a “meter”, “kilogram” and “second.” But how much is a “coulomb”? Imagine that you and a friend each held +1 C of charge at a distance of 1m from each other. Calculate the force of repulsion that you would experience. Compare this force with your weight.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q8. Physics 211 Review: Static Equilibrium, Vector Addition & TrigonometryPhysics Pre-lab 212P-1Exploring Static ElectricityName:__________________________Section:_____ Date:__________(Read this & answer the questions before coming to lab)Summary of relevant concepts: - Fundamental properties of electric charge:(a) There exist two types of electric charge: + (positive) and - (negative);(b) Electric charge is conserved;(c) Electric charge is quantized in units of 1.6 x 10-19 C;(d) There exists an electric force between point charges which obeys the following rules:- It acts along the line joining the two points and is repulsive for like charges and attractivefor unlike charges; - The magnitude of the force is given by Coulomb’s Law:F =kq1q2R2 , where k = 8.99 x 109 N m2/C2- The atomic picture of matter:- All matter is made of atoms containing a nucleus of neutrons (no charge) + protons(charge = +1.6 x10-19 C) surrounded by a “cloud” of electrons (charge = -1.6 x 10-19C). Note that the number of electrons and protons in an atom are the SAME. In solidmatter, the atomic nuclei might vibrate but do not otherwise move; the electrons onthe other hand can move. A useful microscopic picture of a solid is given below:- Insulators are materials in which electrons are only free to move around theneighborhood of their respective atomic nuclei: note that the electron cloud aroundeach atom in the material can be "distorted" if an external charge is brought nearby.So, in the picture above, imagine that the clouds of electrons can change shape.- Conductors are materials in which many electrons can freely move over longdistances. You’ll learn later that these “conduction electrons” come from the outerregions of the atom. So, in the picture shown above, you could imagine the grayelectron clouds merging into a “sea” of mobile electrons. Gray: electron cloudsBlack: nuclei (relative size greatly exaggerated)Pre-lab Questions:In Physics 211, you learned that all masses exert a gravitational force on each other obeyingNewton’s Universal Law of Gravitation.Q1. List the similarities and the differences between the force of gravity and the electric force.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Consider the example of the Hydrogen atom; a simplified (but very useful) model for this atomconsists of a single electron going in a circular orbit around a single proton. The parameters ofthe Hydrogen atom are as follows:Electron mass: 9.1 x 10-31 kg; electron charge: -1.6 x 10-19 C;Proton mass: 1.7 x 10-27 kg; proton charge: + 1.6 x 10-19 C;Radius of electron orbit: 1 x 10-10 mQ2. What is the magnitude of the electrical force on the electron from the proton? Is it attractiveor repulsive?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q3. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the electron from the proton? Is itattractive or repulsive?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q4. What is the ratio of the gravitational force on the electron to electrical force? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q5. If gravitational forces are so much weaker than electrical forces, why do we directlyexperience the effects of gravity more readily in Nature than the effects of electric