• Physiology vs anatomy ◦ Anatomy physically means to cut apart and is the study of the structure of things physiology is the function, how things work, molecular level. • structure vs function • teleological (why) vs mechanistic (how) ◦ Why do humans sweat when they exercise? - to cool down ◦ causal chain- sequence of events ( cause and effect) ▪ increased exercise leads to increased body temp leads to it being detected by specific neuron receptors leads to them sending a message to the brain the brain responds by sending a message to sweat glands and the sweat glands secrete • organization ◦ atoms ◦ molecules(start here) ◦ cells (smallest) ◦ tissues -group with similar function ◦ organs- at least 2 tissue types organized in such a way to carry out a particular function or functions (4 primary tissue types) ◦ organ system - more than 1 organ to carry out a particular function(s) ◦ organism • The cell ◦ nucleus- genetic material (DNA)- in nucleus ◦ cytoplasm - anything outside of the nucleus including organelles ▪ ICF ◦ cell membrane ( primarily lipids) ▪ ECF ▪ semi permeable- allow certain ◦ External environment ▪ includes the contents of our gi tract ◦ ICF - fluids in the cell ◦ internal environment ▪ inside of out bodes but outside of our cells ▪ ECF ▪ plasma - liquid portion of the blood ▪ interstitial fluid - fluid that baths the cells ◦ Differentiation ▪ genes code for particular proteins, what proteins a cell has determines what the cell will be ▪ cells go down different pathways ▪ genes are turned on and off in certain cells - gene is expressed when a particular protein in preset ◦ Basic requirements of most cells ▪ require oxygen ▪ require nutrients ▪ Need to eliminate waste ▪ Need to eliminate CO2▪ Need to control exchanges with their environments ▪ Need to be able to detect changes in the environment and respond to those changes ▪ Need an internal transport system- most stuff around in them ▪ Need to synthesize certain things such a proteins ▪ Reproduce ▪ Need to get energy from nutrients and use that energy • Tissues