10/6/20081Body Dysmorphic disorderCh.5- Somatoform and Dissociative DisordersWhile the concerns of a person with BDD may some familiar to some of our own this is not typical dissatisfaction“Imagined Ugliness”Body Dysmorphic Disorder is characterized by ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________People with BDD have a distorted or exaggerated view of how they look.‐ Often thinking of themselves as ____________________ _______________________________________________________.10/6/20082Someone with BDD may obsessively check the mirror to view his or her “flaws”This obsessive preoccupation interferes with daily functionObsession?People with this disorder often become fixated on mirrors. They frequently check their ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________Some clinicians feel it is a variant of _________________ ____________________________How serious is this disorder?The severity is often reflected in the high __________________________________________________________________________________________________‐ Recent research shows _________________________ is present in 78% of patients with BDD (Phillips, 2006).‐ Preliminary data from a prospective BDD study suggest that the rate of completed suicide may even be higher than ______________________________ ____________________________________________________.10/6/20083What are the common “defects”?The most common complaints concern the __________________________________________________________________________________________________‐ People living with BDD may complain of a lack of symmetry. ‐ They may feel that something is too big or too small or, that it is out of proportion to the rest of the body. Pumped up?!Those who suffer from _____________________________tend to hold delusions that they are "skinny" or "too small”‐ Often leads to excessive exercise and use dietary supplements (even anabolic steroids) to increase their overall shape and musculature.People with BDD have “ ideas of reference”________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10/6/20084Is this delusional thinking?The question regarding these extremely irrational thoughts has been raised in terms of qualifying this as “delusional thinking”.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. ‐ The pathology of this disorder lies in their reacting to a deformity that others cannot perceive.What do the experts say?There are no clear answers and this is a source of debate among professionals and those working on the new edition of the DSM (V).‐ For now, those who firmly hold these false beliefs are given ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________How common is this disorder?The prevalence of BDD is hard to estimate due to the high amount of secrecy associated with this disorder.________________________10/6/20085Who is more likely to have BDD- men or women?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________is not a factorStatistics show that this disorder ______________ ___________________________________________________, but slightly more women are effected in the U.S.‐ However, 62% of persons with BDD in Japan were _____________________The age of onset ranges from early adolescence through the ______________________________________Culture determines the standard of beauty, so we see this disorder in other countries with much different preoccupations.10/6/20086Seek out a Psychologist or Plastic Surgeon?Few mental health clinics treat BDD ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Approximately _____ of patients who have plastic surgery have BDD- but it could be as much as 25% (Barnard, 2000).Is Plastic Surgery the cure for BDD?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‐ These additional surgeries usually focus on the same defect or on some new defect.Ironically, the severity of the disorder and accompanying distress ___________________ after surgery (Phillips et al., 2001). Some patients (those who are refused surgery or cannot afford it) often resort to _______________________________________ __________________________________________. Example: doing a facelift with a staple gun, or cutting open their nose with a razor blade and attempting to replace their nose cartilage with chicken cartilage in the desired shape.10/6/20087Where did this come from?There is little known about the etiology or treatment of BDD. However, recent research suggests a ____________________________________.‐ Growing evidence supports poor regulation of _________________________________ in BDD.‐ Further supported by the effectiveness of SSRI’s in the treatment of symptoms.Cultural and Psychological CausesResearchers are discussing the possible links between _________________________________________________________________resorting to cosmetic surgeries and treatments for relief.Other possible inducements of BDD could be childhood trauma, abuse or neglect. Researchers are attempting to determine whether frequent instances of abuse or neglect as children -especially emotional neglect -could be linked to the development of BDD. ‐ In one study, 78 percent of participants reported some type of maltreatment during their. 40 percent of respondents said the maltreatment was severe Is BDD a form of OCD?The two disorders share a lot of similarities, like intrusive, persistent, horrible thoughts and compulsive behaviors. This disorder tends to co-occur with OCD, and has approximately the same age of onset and runs the same course.A recent study using brain imaging demonstrated similar abnormal brain functioning between patients with BDD and OCD (Rauch, 2003).10/6/20088Comorbidity??It is often associated with social phobia and