BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current LectureI)Darwinian revolution challenged traditional views of CreationismII)Darwin proposes ideas of evolution through Natural Selection Current Lecture Descent With ModificationKey Terms:Natural Selection: differential success in reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from interaction of organisms with their environment Evolutionary Adaptation: accumulation of inherited characteristics that enhance organism’s ability to survive long enough to reproduce Evolution: change over time in genetic composition of a populationI) Darwinian revolution challenged traditional views of CreationismA)Resistance to Idea of Evolution1. Aristotle viewed species as fixed and unchanging, agrees with Bible2. Linnaeus classified life, developed binomial taxonomic systema. did not see physical similarities as evolutionary relationship but as pattern of design by Creation3. Cuvier developed Paleontology, noticed species disappearing and appearing in strataa. believed in catastrophism, that populations of species were wiped out suddenly, due to flood, fire, etc, and new species appearing in strata were species who came from elsewhere B) Theories of Gradualism1. Gradualism: idea that profound change can take place through cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes 2. Uniformitarianism: idea that same geologic processes that formed Earth are still working today and at same rate3. Lamark’s Theory of Evolutiona. believed that individuals could pass acquired traitsb. wrongII) In Origin of Species, Darwin proposed that species change through Natural SelectionA) Two main ideas1. Evolution explain life’s unity and diversity2. Natural Selection is a cause of adaptive evolutionB) Organisms with traits favored by environment tend to survive longer and produce more offspringC) 3 points1. Individuals do not evolve, populations do2. Natural Selection can only amplify or diminish heritable traits, can not create new traits 3. Environmental factors vary from place to place and time to time, what is a “favorable trait” at one location at one point may not be good elsewhere, may even be detrimental D) Homology1. Homology: similarity in physical traits but with different functions2. View of evolution as a remodeling process accounts for findings of comparative anatomy3. Homologous structures: structures that are composed similarly but have different functions, ex. Cat paw and whale flipper with five digits and wrist bones4. Because evolution can only modify, not create, results are less than perfect5. Genetic code is shared by all living species, likely we all have a common ancestorE) Biogeography: geographic distributions of species 1. Plays big role in evolutionary theory, where animals are located will decide how animals live, ex. Fins for aquatic animals, thicker fur for mammals in colder areas2. Endemic: found nowhere else in the worldF) According to fossil record, prokaryotes are oldest known