Slide 1TopicsSlide 3Slide 4Task FactorsTask FactorsSlide 7Environmental FactorsEnvironmental FactorsEnvironmental FactorsEnvironmental FactorsSlide 12Individual FactorsIndividual FactorsIndividual FactorsIndividual FactorsSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Mechanics influence of force on bodiesMechanics influence of force on bodiesMechanics influence of force on bodiesSlide 24MechanicsMechanicsMechanicsMechanicsSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31Fundamental Concepts for Biomechanical AnalysisFundamental Concepts for Biomechanical AnalysisMotionMotionISB Convention: 2DISB Convention: 3DScalars and VectorsParallelogram Law for Addition of VectorsReview: Basic TrigonometryCoordinate SystemsAdding Force (vectors) by Summing ComponentsAdding Force (vectors) by Summing ComponentsAdding Force (vectors) by Summing ComponentsNew & Useful InformationSlide 46Slide 47Additional ProblemsMotionMotion CaptureMotion CaptureExample VideoExample VideoMotion CapturePrinciples of RecordingPhotographic DimensionsPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingPrinciples of RecordingCalibrationCalibrationMarker SelectionMarker SelectionMarker SelectionMarker SelectionMotionMotionMotionMotionMotionTime in Video AnalysisMotionMotionMotionForceForceMassKNR 352: Quantitative Analysis in BiomechanicsDr. Steve McCaw227B438-3804www.castonline.ilstu.edu/mccawTopics•Basic Operations required•Dealing with vectors•Review from 282 (Basic Biomechanics)•Kinematics•Calculations of basic quantities•Displacement, velocity, acceleration•Kinetics•Calculations•GRF, CofP, JMF•Energetics•Calculations•Power, WorkPerformance InjuryTASKPerformance InjuryTask Factors•Basic Skill•Walking •Jumping•Take off & Landing•Running•Take off & Landing•What joint actions are occurring?•What muscles are active?•What are the risks?Task Factors•Basic Skill•Complex Task•Throw•Assembly Task•Curl up•Hitting a baseball•What joint actions are occurring?•What muscles are active?•What are the risks?TASKPerformance InjuryEnvironmentEnvironmental Factors•Weather/field/floor conditions•Friction====>stability, tissue loadsEnvironmental Factors•Weather/field/floor conditions•Gravity•space travel & platformsEnvironmental Factors•Weather/field/floor conditions•Gravity•Open/closed task•dynamic vs. static environmentEnvironmental Factors•Weather/field/floor conditions•Gravity•Open/closed task•Rules on the game/of the job•# of players•field dimensions•workplace layout•temporal constraintsTASKPerformance InjuryEnvironmentIndividualIndividual Factors•Cognitive abilityIndividual Factors•Cognitive ability•AnthropometricsIndividual Factors•Cognitive ability•Anthropometrics•Psychological stateIndividual Factors•Cognitive ability•Anthropometrics•Psychological state•Fitness & Health•Skill levelTASKPerformance InjuryEnvironmentIndividualTASKPerformance InjuryEnvironmentIndividualTASKPerformance InjuryEnvironmentIndividualModulated by force: described by mechanicsEvery structure that participates in the movement of the body does so according to physical and physiological principles.Hamilton & Luttgens, Kinesiology: Scientific basis of Human Motion, 10th edition.Mechanicsinfluence of force on bodies•Biomechanics: force on biological organisms•biomechanics of fluids•circulation (lung, blood, artery)Mechanicsinfluence of force on bodies•Biomechanics: force on biological organisms•biomechanics of fluids•biomechanics of deformable solids•bones, ligaments, tendonsMechanicsinfluence of force on bodies•Biomechanics: force on biological organisms•biomechanics of fluids•biomechanics of deformable solids•biomechanics of rigid bodies•body as “rigid links” at “frictionless hinges”S t a t i c sN o a c c l e r a t i o n P r e s e n tK i n e m a t i c sm o t i o n p a t t e r n s / m o t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n sK i n e t i c ss t u d y o f f o r c e s c a u s i n g m o t i o nD y n a m i c sA c c e l e r a t i o n P r e s e n tR i g i dB o d i e sMechanics•Kinematics•description of pattern of motion•how far•how fast•how consistent•KineticsMechanics•Kinematics•description of pattern of motion•how far•how fast•how consistent•temporal aspects•durations•sequencing•KineticsMechanics•Kinematics•description of pattern of motion•how far•how fast•how consistent•temporal aspects•durations•sequencing•Kinetics•study of forces that cause motionMechanics•Kinematics•description of pattern of motion•how far•how fast•how consistent•temporal aspects•durations•sequencing•Kinetics•study of forces that cause motion•magnitude•direction•line of action•point of applicationF = m aF = m aForce CAUSES accelerationF = m aForce CAUSES accelerationForce CAUSES injuryFundamental Concepts for Biomechanical Analysis•Units of Measure: ISU (International system of Units, ie the Metric System)Fundamental Concepts for Biomechanical Analysis•Units of Measure: ISU (International system of Units, ie the Metric System)•Base Units•length: meter (m)•mass: gram (g)•time: second (s)Motion•Change in position of a body with respect to timeMotion•Change in position of a body with respect to time•quantify POSITION•location in 3D space: P•three reference axes: X, Y, Z •Cartesian system: axes at 90o (orthogonal)ISB Convention: 2DXY0,0ProgressionISB Convention: 3DXY0,0,0ZVerticalMedio-LateralAnterior-PosteriorScalars and Vectors•Scalar quantity•described by magnitude alone•mass•volume•distance•speed•Vector quantity•requires description of magnitude and direction•force•momentum•impulse•displacement•velocity•accelerationParallelogram Law forAddition of Vectors•Sum of two vectors (resultant, R) equals the diagonal of the parallelogram with sides equal to the two vectors.•Draw on board, tail to tail•Triangle Rule: tip to tail •commutative: R = A + B = B + A•Polygon Rule: extends to 3 or more vectorsReview: Basic Trigonometry•Right angle Triangle•naming conventions•Pythagorean Theorem•Trig functions•Sine, Cosine, Tangent (slope)•Inverse TangentCoordinate Systems•Rectangular or