Anishinabe CuringAnishinabeSlide 3PowerPoint PresentationAnishinabeSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Pre-Treatment InvestigationSlide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Causes of IllnessSlide 19Slide 20TreatmentTreatment -- medicineSlide 23Slide 24Treatment -- medicine / lectureSlide 26Post 1st TreatmentPost 1st Treatment -- cureSlide 29Post 1st Treatment -- no cureSlide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37The Curing ProcessSlide 39Slide 40Slide 41Anishinabe CuringTim RoufsUniversity of Minnesota DuluthAnishinabeAnishinabeAnishinabeJames Jackson Sr.Ojbwa Medicine ManPaul BuffaloExcerptsAnishinabeJames Jackson Sr.Ojbwa Medicine ManAnishinabeJames Jackson Sr.Ojbwa Medicine ManPaul BuffaloExcerptsPaul Buffalo MeditatingAnishinabeCulturally Constituted Behavioral Environment (CCBE)A. Irving HallowellCulture and ExperienceContributions to AnthropologyPre-Treatment Investigation screening and referralPre-Treatment Investigationscreening and referral to different kinds of doctorsherbalistsmidwivesspiritualists jessokid or “rabbit bone”MDsGrand Medicine (Midewiwin)Ojibway Grand Medicine Ceremony at Squaw Point, Leech Lake, 1932. Minnesota Historical Society, Negative No. 35585Pre-Treatment Investigation people have specific powers (they’re “specialists”)can lose power (especially if you don’t practice)Pre-Treatment Investigation patients need to believePre-Treatment Investigation give gifts to maintain powerOjibway Grand Medicine Ceremony at Squaw Point, Leech Lake, 1932.Minnesota Historical Society, Negative No. 35600Pre-Treatment Investigation power to helpCauses of Illness “illness” = culturally specific“disease” = universalCauses of Illnessliving a bad liferelatives living in some bad wayjibiksoul loss (both souls)unbalanced chemical orientation to natureor a combination of the aboveCauses of Illnessmay be a moral question . . .as well as a medical questionTreatmentmedicinemedicine / lectureTreatment-- medicineuse a mixture (plus meditation)1st “shot” = “mild stuff”you have to pick medicine in the right season, when it is ripeyou can’t go to the same place (location) for herbs, etc. twice in a rowyou have to know how to meditate the medicinePaul Buffalo Meditating MedicineTreatment-- medicineHealing only works through the doctorthe doctor doesn’t cure, the Manito doesTreatment-- medicine / lectureInterpreter of the medicine interprets the medicineall of that takes timecommunity support necessaryamount varies with the diseaserealign life + lecture on good lifeemphasizes that one “has to believe in it”Treatment-- medicine / lectureIf you don’t believe, and/or are just “fooling around” your kids and relatives can be affectedPost 1st Treatmentcureno-curePost 1st Treatment-- curemedicine / manipulation does some goodplacebo affectincluding effect of belief in doctor’s powerPost 1st Treatment-- curepassage of timeNat Pallonenaming in curing“works if it ain’t too late”Post 1st Treatment-- no curemedicine too weaksolution: stronger medicinemedicine from a location not goodsolution: use medicine from a different locationmedicine picked in wrong seasonssolution: use different medicinePost 1st Treatment-- no cureLife (bad living) has not changedsolution: change lifeLife (bad living) of relative has not changedsolution: have relative or relatives change lifePost 1st Treatment-- no cureMedicine “interpreted” incorrectlysolution: reinterpret or re-mixLife (bad living) of relative has not changedsolution: have relative or relatives change lifePost 1st Treatment-- no cureother’s power overriding or interferingsolution: talk with them about thatneed more timesolution: more timePost 1st Treatment-- no curepresence of somebody at the curing ceremony might have “interfered” with the cure for e.g., a white personor “nonbeliever”or someone who “doesn’t know about it”Inger ceremonysolution: redo ceremonyPost 1st Treatment-- no curegifts given weren’t rightsolution: new giftssolution: gifts from different peoplePost 1st Treatment-- no curelost powersolution: refer patient outmaybe have started too latesolution: new procedure . . .or fault may not be correctablePost 1st Treatment-- no cureif it doesn’t clear up then:you know why directly, orgo to the jessokid (or MD) . . .to find out whyand / or for further referral or workThe Curing ProcessP r e - s e l e c t i n gH i g h e r C u r i n g P o w e rH i g h e r P l a c e b o E f f e c tH i g h e r B e l i e f i n H e a l i n g P o w e rC u r i n gE x p l a i n i n gN o n - c u r e sThe Curing ProcessThe Manito heals, only through the doctorTherefore, the ultimate fate of the patient is attributed to The ManitoThe Curing ProcessThe concept of power is centralSee Paul Buffalo paper: “Concept of Power among Mississippi and Lake Superior Ojibwa”Anishinabe CuringTim RoufsUniversity of Minnesota