Chapter 2 Molecules Ions and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules or extended structures What we ll cover Compound Formulas Ions Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds Other types of extended Structures Compound Formulas Examples NaCl CH3OH NH4 2SO4 How many O atoms are in Mg3 PO4 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 6 8 How many total atoms are in Mg3 PO4 2 1 2 3 4 3 10 11 13 Three Types of Compounds Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic Alloys Can you predict this Ionic Compounds form from Molecular Compounds form from Types of Formulas IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons Have a positive charge Formed mainly from metals IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons Have a positive charge Formed mainly from metals Anions Formed by gaining electrons Have a negative charge Formed mainly from nonmetals Monatomic Ions Formed from single atoms Books closed What is the charge on a Mg ion 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 Naming IONS Cations Name of element ion Na sodium ion Mg2 magnesium ion Naming IONS Cations Name of element ion Na sodium ion Mg2 magnesium ion Anions Name of element with ide ending ion Cl chloride ion O2 oxide ion Polyatomic Ions you need to know Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge Total anion charge Ex Na and Cl make Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge Total anion charge Ex Na and Cl make NaCl Mg2 and Cl make Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge Total anion charge Ex Na and Cl make NaCl Mg2 and Cl make MgCl2 NH4 and SO42 make What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe3 and Cl 1 FeCl 2 FeCl3 3 Fe3Cl What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe3 and SO42 1 FeSO4 2 Fe SO4 2 3 Fe2 SO4 3 4 Fe3 SO4 2 Naming Ionic Compounds Name cation name anion name Ex NaCl NH4Br Molecular Compounds Nonmetal nonmetal gives molecular compound Ex C O S O C H Aside on gas prices Propane Butane Jet Fuel Crude oil Gasoline Diesel Heating Longer molecules asphalt tar Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form between 2 elements Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group named last like it s an anion Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group named last like it s an anion Use prefixes to indicate numbers 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra 5 penta Network Solids Held together like a molecule Large and extended