Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/Buchla© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.chapter 1electronics fundamentalscircuits, devices, and applicationsTHOMAS L. FLOYDDAVID M. BUCHLAElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Very large and very small numbers are represented with scientific and engineering notation.Scientific and Engineering Notation47,000,000 = 4.7 x 107 (Scientific Notation) = 47 x 106 (Engineering Notation)Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.0.000 027 = 2.7 x 10-5 (Scientific Notation) = 27 x 10-6 (Engineering Notation)0.605 = 6.05 x 10-1 (Scientific Notation) = 605 x 10-3 (Engineering Notation) Scientific and Engineering NotationElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Most scientific calculators can be placed in a mode that will automatically convert any decimal number entered into scientific notation or engineering notation. Metric ConversionsNumbers in scientific notation can be entered in a scientific calculator using the EE key.Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.SI Fundamental UnitsLength Mass Time Electric current Temperature Luminous intensityAmount of substanceQuantity Unit SymbolMeter mKilogram kgSecond sAmpere AKelvin KCandela cdMole molElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Some Important Electrical UnitsExcept for current, all electrical and magnetic units are derived from the fundamental units. Current is a fundamental unit.CurrentChargeVoltageResistanceAmpere ACoulomb CVolt VOhm Watt WQuantity Unit SymbolPowerThese derived units are based on fundamental units from the meter-kilogram-second system, hence are called mks units.Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Engineering Metric Prefixespetateragigamegakilo10151012109106103PTGMkCan you name the prefixes and their meaning?Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Engineering Metric Prefixes10-310-610-910-1210-15millimicronanopicofemtomnpfCan you name the prefixes and their meaning?Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point to the right. Remember, a smaller unit means the number must be larger.Metric Conversions0.47 M = 470 kLarger numberSmaller unitElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. When converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left. Remember, a larger unit means the number must be smaller.Metric Conversions10,000 pF = 0.01 FSmaller numberLarger unitElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.Metric Arithmetic10,000  + 22 k = 10,000  + 22,000  = 32,000 Alternatively,10 k + 22 k = 32 kElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.Metric Arithmetic200  + 1.0 mA = 200 A + 1,000 A = 1,200 AAlternatively,0.200 m + 1.0 mA = 1.2 mAElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Experimental uncertainty is part of all measurements. Error is the difference between the true or best accepted value and the measured value. Accuracy is an indication of the range of error in a measurement.Error, Accuracy, and PrecisionError}Precision is a measure of repeatability.Precise, but not accurate.Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Significant Digits When reporting a measured value, one uncertain digit may be retained but other uncertain digits should be discarded. Normally this is the same number of digits as in the original measurement.Assume two measured quantities are 10.54 and 3.92. If the larger is divided by the smaller, the answer is 2.69 becausethe answer has the same uncertainty as the original measurement.Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Rules for determining if a reported digit is significant are:1. Nonzero digits are always considered to be significant.2. Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are never significant.3. Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant.4. Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal number are significant.5. Zeros to the left of the decimal point with a whole number may or may not be significant depending on the measurement.Significant DigitsElectronics Fundamentals 8th edition Floyd/BuchlaChapter 1Chapter 1© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.1. Nonzero digits are always considered to be significant.2. Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are never significant.3. Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant. 4. Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal number are significant. 5. Zeros to