The Global Heat BudgetSolar RadiationSlide 3The Heat BudgetHeat Loss TermsGlobal Heat BudgetNet Solar RadiationLatent Heat LossConductive Heat LossNet Longwave RadiationTotal Heat FluxSlide 12Slide 13Global Heat TransportSlide 15Hydrographic Inverse ModelsSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20The Global Heat Budget•Air-sea exchanges of heat (& freshwater) create deep water masses & drive the conveyor belt•Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation•There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar•Ocean circulation moves heat (advection)Solar RadiationSolar RadiationThe Heat Budget Total heat flux (Qt) = Solar radiation (Qs)- Latent heat loss (Qe)- Conductive heat loss (Qh)- Longwave radiation (Qb) Qt = Qs - Qe - Qh - QbHeat Loss Terms• Latent heat flux (Qe) – Energy required to evaporate water– Most important in tropics & midlatitudes•Conductive (or sensible) heat flux (Qh)– Loss to turbulent exchange with atmosphere–Typically small•Longwave radiation (Qb)– Net thermal IR emission from oceanGlobal Heat BudgetNet Solar RadiationTypical JanTropics 200 W/m2Mid-latitudes 100 W/m2High-latitude ~10 W/m2Latent Heat LossTypical JanTropics 120 W/m2Mid-latitudes 100 W/m2High-latitude ~20 W/m2Conductive Heat LossTypical JanTropics 0-10 W/m2Mid-latitudes 0-40 W/m2High-latitude 0-30 W/m2Net Longwave RadiationTypical JanTropics 40-50 W/m2Mid-latitudes 60-70 W/m2High-latitude 30-50 W/m2Total Heat FluxTypical JanCool NHHeat - SHWBC’s -200 W/m2SH Subtropics 70 W/m2NH Subtropics > -80 W/m2Total Heat FluxTypical JulyHeat NHCool SHNH Subtropics 100 W/m2SH Subtropics -40 W/m2Global Heat BudgetGlobal Heat TransportGlobal Heat Transport1015 W = 1 PetawattHydrographic Inverse Models•WOCE hydrographic sections are used to estimate global circulation & material transport•Mass, heat, salt & other properties are conserved •Air-sea exchanges & removal processes are considered•Provides estimates of basin scale circulation, heat & freshwater transportsGlobal Heat TransportGlobal Heat TransportGlobal Heat TransportThe Global Heat Budget•Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation•There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar•Ocean circulation moves heat (advection)•Large scale heat budget can be closed by analyzing hydrographic
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