BIOS 160 Anatomy and Physiology NameExam IV100 pts total. Answer the multiple choice/true-false/matching questions (1-40) using the computerized answer form.The first 40 questions are worth 2 points apiece. Then separate the last page of the exam and answer all the short answer/essay questions (20 points total). When finished, fold the last page in half lengthwise, write the first 3 lettersof your last name in the blanks provided, and insert your computer form. Finally, shove the folded last page between the pages of this stapled question section, write your name on the exam, and turn it in.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. What structure(s) within the nasal cavity act to increase surface area and create turbulence during inspiration?a. hard and soft palateb. nasal conchaec. nasopharynxd. sinusese. external nares2. Air passing through the nasal cavity on the way to the lungs is warmed and moistened primarily in order to:a. increase the concentration of CO2 in the inspired airb. facilitate mucous secretion by serous membranesc. reduce dehydration and cooling of the lungsd. trap and remove foreign particles from incoming aire. ensure that the air passes down the trachea and not the esophagus3. The role of the structure indicated by arrow pointer "3" in the diagram at the right is to:a. hold open the trachea so it won't collapseb. vibrate with the passage of air and create soundsc. provide for resonance in the skull during speechd. keep the tongue from being swallowede. prevent food from entering the lungs4. The role of the structures indicated by white dots and pointer arrow "4" in the diagram to the right is:a. clearing bacteria and debris from the throat areab. mucous productionc. warming and moistening incoming aird. cooling and drying outgoing aire. positioning the food while it is being chewedBIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 14.3.5. Why are the hyaline cartilaginous rings in the trachea shaped like the letter "C", with openingstowards the posterior surface of the neck?a. to make them lighter and decrease the weight load on tracheal tissueb. to effectively increase the diameter of the trachea, making air passage easierc. to allow for growth of the "rings" as the trachea enlarges during developmentd. to allow for passage of a large bolus through the posteriorly oriented esophaguse. to allow for extension of the neck that would be difficult if the "rings" were continuous circles--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------True/False Questions Answer "a" if true and "b" if false6. The left bronchus of the left lung is wider, shorter, and straighter than the right bronchus of theright lung.7. The linings of the lungs are called pleura.8. The major and primary muscle(s) responsible for inspiration is/are the internal intercostal muscles.9. During inspiration, the air pressure outside the body is less than that in the pleural (thoracic) cavity.10. Internal respiration refers to the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveoli walls into and out of the pulmonary circulation.11. Lung vital capacity is equal to the tidal volume measurement.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. Which type of chemical digestive process occurs in the mouth?a. breakdown of proteins by trypsinb. emulsification c. breakdown of starches into maltosed. hydrolysis of nucleic acidse. degradation of triglycerides 13. The greater and lesser omenta (omentum is singular) are responsible fora. supporting and holding the digestive organs and intestines togetherb. forming two successive layers of mucosa lining the intestinal tractc. providing for two different routes that blood can take from the intestines to the liverd. the major peristaltic movements in the stomache. connecting the small intestine to the large intestineBIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 214. Fatty acids are absorbed and transported away from the small intestine through:a. efferent capillariesb. the fundus structurec. the bile ductd. the pancreatic ducte. lacteals15. The smallest projections found on the intestinal lining are the:a. rugaeb. microvillic. plicae circularesd. villie. haustra16. In the diagram of the teeth shown at the right, what is the functionof teeth labeled C and H, especially in mammals other than humans?a. clipping and cuttingb. seizing c. grindingd. crackinge. nibbling17. Emulsification by bile salts is necessary for:a. starch digestionb. protein digestionc. lipid digestiond. nucleic acid digestione. only protein and lipid digestionMatch the following description on the left with the appropriate answer on the right. If the answer has more than one letter, like "ac", fill in BOTH "a" and "c" on your answer sheet.18. Causes hydrolysis of peptide bonds, resulting a. action of rennin (chymosin) in the activation of pepsin b. action of pepsinc. action of gastrin19. Causes heartburn d. acid refluxe. action of HCl in the stomach20. Causes hydrolysis of milk protein (casein) ab. action of amylaseac. action of carboxypeptidase21. Causes the gallbladder to release stored bile ad. action of secretinae. action of cholecystokininbc. production of vitamin K bd. defecation reflexbe. water absorptionBIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 3upperlowercd. parietal cells of the stomach22. Lack of sufficient fiber in the diet can cause _________, especially in old age.a. the formation of haustrab. an infected appendixc. the formation of diverticulad. gallstonese. kidney stones23. A major source of carbohydrates in the diet are:a. fruits and vegetablesb. meat and fishc. bread, cereals, and potatoesd. milk and dairy productse. fats and oils--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------True/False Questions Answer "a" if true and "b" if false24. Alkalosis of the blood can occur if excessive amounts of fats are ingested in the diet.25. Fats that are catabolized for energy enter into the cellular respiration process as pyruvate molecules.26. Gluconeogenesis refers to the creation of glycogen molecules through the linking of glucose sugars to each other.27. Phenylketonuriacs should limit their ingestion of glucose since this sugar produces brain damaging metabolites, especially in children.28. The kidneys are involved in