PHYS 3446 – Lecture #1Who am I?Structure of MatterThe Standard ModelSlide 5Slide 6What are the roles of particle accelerators?Fermilab Tevatron and LHC at CERNThe International Linear ColliderHow can we tell apart particle?Slide 11How are computers used in HEP?Slide 13Class Time and LocationInformation & Communication SourceHow to subscribe to the class e-mail list?Class SpecificationSyllabusSlide 19Attendances and Class StyleSemester ProjectsWhat is the UTA PLCC?Basic Idea of the Cloud ChamberThe Scope of the ProjectA Schematic Chamber DiagramConcerns in the ChamberSlide 27Slide 28LaboratoryEvaluation PolicyIn This ClassMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu1PHYS 3446 – Lecture #1Monday, Aug. 28, 2006Dr. Jae Yu1. Who am I?2. Class time and location3. Information and communication sources4. Class specifications and style5. Class plans•Syllabus•Special semester projects6. Lab7. Evaluation Policy8. This class…Monday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu2Who am I?•Name: Dr. Jaehoon Yu (You can call me Dr. Yu)•Office: Rm 342, Chemistry and Physics Building•Extension: x22814, E-mail: [email protected] •My profession:High Energy Physics (HEP)–Collide particles (protons on anti-protons or electrons on anti-electrons, positrons) at the energies equivalent to 10,000 Trillion degrees–To understand•Fundamental constituents of matter•Interactions or forces between the constituents•Origin of Mass•Creation of Universe (Big Bang Theory)–A pure scientific research activity•Direct use of the fundamental laws we find may take longer than we want but •Indirect product of research contribute to every day lives; eg. WWWMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu3High Energy Physics Structure of Matter10-10m10-14m10-15m<10-18m10-9mMatter Molecule Atom NucleusuQuark<10-19mprotons, neutrons,mesons, etc.top, bottom,charm, strange,up, downCondensed matter/Nano-Science/ChemistryAtomic PhysicsNuclearPhysicsBaryon(Hadron)Electron(Lepton)10-2mMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu4The Standard Model•Assumes the following fundamental structure:Directly observed in 2000Discovered in 1995Monday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu5Periodic TableAll atoms are madeof protons, neutronsand electronsHelium NeonuduuddProtonNeutronElectronGluons hold quarks togetherPhotons hold atoms togetherMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu6Mysteries in High Energy Physics? The “STANDARD MODELSTANDARD MODEL” has been extremely successfulBUT… many mysteriesWhy so many quarks/leptons??Why four forces?? Can they all come from one?Why is there large particle- antipaticle asymmetry?Does Higgs particle exist?Where does mass come from??Are there other theories??Monday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu7What are the roles of particle accelerators?•Smash particles together•Act as microscopes and time machines–The higher the energy, the smaller object to be seen–Particles that only existed at the time of the creation of the universe can be made•Two method of accelerator based experiments:–Collider Experiments: pp, pp, e+e-, ep–Fixed Target Experiments: Particles on a target–Each can look for different thingsMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu8Fermilab Tevatron and LHC at CERN•Present world’s Highest Energy proton-anti-proton collider –Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p 13M Joules on 10-4m2)Equivalent to the kinetic energy of a 20t truck at a speed 81 mi/hrChicagoTevatronp p CDFDØFermilab: http://www.fnal.gov/ ; DØ: http://www-d0.fnal.gov/ CERN: http://www.cern.ch/ ; ATLAS: http://atlas.web.cern.ch/•World’s Highest Energy proton-proton collider in summer 2007 –Ecm=14 TeV (=44x10-7J/p 1000M Joules on 10-4m2)Equivalent to the kinetic energy of a 20t truck at a speed 711 mi/hr1500 physicists130 institutions30 countries5000 physicists250 institutions60 countriesMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu9The International Linear Collider33km=21miEuropean Design500 GeV (800 GeV)47 km=29 miUS Design500 GeV (1 TeV)•Long~ linear electron-position colliders•10 – 15 years from now•Takes 10 years to build an accelerator and the detectorsMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu10How can we tell apart particle?InteractionPointelectronphotonjetmuonneutrino -- or any non-interacting particle missing transverse momentumÄBScintillating FiberSilicon TrackingCharged Particle TracksCalorimeter (dense)EM hadronicEnergyWire ChambersMagnetMuon TracksWe know x,y starting momenta is zero, butalong the z axis it is not, so many of our measurements are in the xy plane, or transverseMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu11DØ Detector•Weighs 5000 tons•As tall as a 5 story building•Can inspect 3,000,000 collisions/second•Record 100 collisions/second•Records 10 Mega-bytes/second•Recording 0.5x1015 (500,000,000,000,000) bytes per year (0.5 PetaBytes).30’ 30’ 50’ ATLAS Detector•Weighs 10,000 tons•As tall as a 10 story building•Can inspect 1,000,000,000 collisions/second•Will record 200 collisions/second•Records 300 Mega-bytes/second•Will record 2.0x1015 (2,000,000,000,000,000) bytes each year (2 PetaByte).Monday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu12How are computers used in HEP?Digital DataData ReconstructionppMonday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu13qTimeppqgK“parton jet” “particle jet” “calorimeter jet”hadronsCHFHEMHighest ET dijet event at DØHighest ET dijet event at DØ0.69 GeV, 472E0.69 GeV, 475E21T11THow does an Event Look in a Collider Detector?Monday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu14Class Time and Location•Current: 1:00 – 2:20pm, Mon & Wed, SH 105•Proposal: 1:00 – 2:20pm, Mon & Wed, CPB303Monday, Aug. 28, 2006 PHYS 3446, Fall 2006Jae Yu15Information & Communication Source•My web page: http://www-hep.uta.edu/~yu/–Contact information & Class Schedule–Syllabus–Homework–Holidays and Exam days–Evaluation Policy–Class Style & Communication–Other information•Primary communication tool is e-mail: Register for PHYS3446-001-FALL06 e-mail distribution list as soon possible Instruction available in Class style & Communication–5 points extra credit if done by next Wednesday, Sept. 6–3 points extra credit if done by next Friday, Sept. 8•Office Hours: 2:30 – 3:30pm, Mondays and Wednesdays or
View Full Document
Unlocking...