PHY 102 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Eudoxos continued II Angle of Measurement a Definition i Two names associated with the measurements ii How big is the moon iii How far is the moon iv How far is the sun v How big is the sun vi How big is Earth Outline of Current Lecture I Blue Book 1 1 2 4 II The Age of Measurement continued III Mallard IV Blue Book 1 2 2 4 Current Lecture I II Blue Book 1 1 2 4 The Age of Measurement continued a One of the most significant chapters in Greek science These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute b It coincided with the work of Archimedes one of the if not the greatest mathematical physicists of all time who made significant measurements on fluids c Alas Greek science ended with the rise of the Roman civilization which was dominated by pragmatism of politics law and military i You never hear Roman physicist or mathematician d The only other development in astronomy was the solution of the problem of the change in brightness of planets in their retrogression e Apollonious i A contributor to this solution was Apollonious who used epicycles to explain both the retrograde motion as well as change in brightness 1 Instead of concentric spheres as in homocentric model of Eudoxus put the planet on a circle called the epicycle and let the circle move on a bigger circle called deferent 2 Planets move uniformly on epicycle and epicycle moves uniformly with a different speed on deferent 3 The combination of the two uniform motions gives both retrogression and change in brightness f Ptolemy i The introduction of epicycles was the last major step in building a theory that explained the observed motions of the planets 1 Of course minor steps were needed to fine tune the theory in the face of more precise observations a For example all planets needed more than one epicycle to account for their motion b Epicycle after epicycle geocentric III IV ii Wrote the definitive book Almajest on astronomy 1 Over eighty epicycles 2 An earth that was no longer at the center 3 Planets no longer moved uniformly iii Theory lasted for 1400 years Practice Mallard quizzes as many times as you wish Blue Book 1 2 2 4
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