Announcements• Literature assignment 1 on class website later today (02-711/03-711/18-856 only)Why cite?• Citations reflect the careful and thorough work you have put in to locating and exploring your sources. • Citations help readers understand the context of your argument, and locate your work within other conversations on your topic. • Citations allow you to acknowledge those authors who made possible particular aspects of your work. Failure to provide adequate citations constitutes plagiarism. • Citations, by delineating your intellectual debts, also draw attention to the originality and legitimacy of your own ideas. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/what.htmlWhen to cite?• Cite sources for all verbatim quotations of two or more consecutive words.• Cite sources from which you paraphrase or summarize facts or ideas.• Cite sources for ideas or information that could be regarded as common knowledge but which you think your reader might still find unfamiliar.http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/what.htmlWhat to cite?Primarily: refereed, archival materials. (Archival materials are materials that are available in libraries or bookstores, have an ISBN number, etc.)• Books• Journal articles• Refereed conference proceedingsAvoid: • Websites, news stories, photocopied workshop handouts, personal communications.The original text:The main image in Othello is that of animals in action, preying upon one another, mischievous, lascivious, cruel or suffering, and through these, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is much increased and kept constantly before us. More than half the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all these are contemptuous or repellent: a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, the recurrent image of bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, wolves, goats and monkeys1.1. Caroline F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1935) 335. Students paper:The majority of the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all of these are contemptuous or repellent. He refers to a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, goats and monkeys. Through these images the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is increased and kept constantly before us.http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/what.htmlNot OK:The original text:The main image in Othello is that of animals in action, preying upon one another, mischievous, lascivious, cruel or suffering, and through these, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is much increased and kept constantly before us. More than half the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all these are contemptuous or repellent: a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, the recurrent image of bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, wolves, goats and monkeys1.1. Caroline F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1935) 335. Students paper:The majority of the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all of these are contemptuous or repellent. He refers to a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, goats and monkeys.Through these images the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is increased and kept constantly before us.http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/whNot OK:The original text:The main image in Othello is that of animals in action, preying upon one another, mischievous, lascivious, cruel or suffering, and through these, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is much increased and kept constantly before us. More than half the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all these are contemptuous or repellent: a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, the recurrent image of bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, wolves, goats and monkeys1.1. Caroline F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1935) 335. Students paper:I believe that the main imagein Shakespeare's tragedy, Othello, is that of animals. These creatures are constantly in action, preying upon one another, and they are depicted as mischievous, wanton, cruel or suffering. By Shakespeare's ingenious use of these animal images, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness that pervades the entire story is much increased and kept constantly before the reader. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/whNot OK:The original text:The main image in Othello is that of animals in action, preying upon one another, mischievous, lascivious, cruel or suffering, and through these, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is much increased and kept constantly before us. More than half the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all these are contemptuous or repellent: a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, the recurrent image of bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, wolves, goats and monkeys1.1. Caroline F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1935) 335. Students paper:In Othello, Shakespeare makes frequent use of animal imagery. The specific images he uses are generally distasteful and convey to the reader a constant impression of conflict and misery. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/whOK:The original text:The main image in Othello is that of animals in action, preying upon one another, mischievous, lascivious, cruel or suffering, and through these, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is much increased and kept constantly before us. More than half the animal images in the play are Iago's, and all these are contemptuous or repellent: a plague of flies, a quarrelsome dog, the recurrent image of bird-snaring, leading asses by the nose, a spider catching a fly, beating an offencelessdog, wild cats, wolves, goats and monkeys1.1. Caroline F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1935) 335. Students paper:In the play, Othello, the character of Iago is associated with unpleasant animal imagery[1]....1. Caroline F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1935) 335. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/about/whNot OK:The original text:The main image in Othello is that of
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