A201 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Literacy Modeli. Knowledge Structuresii. Personal Locus (agency)iii. Information processing competencies/skillsiv. How we processII. Media Literacy: Understand Influencing Factorsi. Maturation (cognitive, emotional, moral)ii. Natural Abilitiesiii. Experienceiv. Active application of skillsCurrent LectureI. Literacy Model-Potter 4 things inside us: 1) Knowledge Structures- How you organize information- How do you accumulate facts and how/why do you remember it? - Learned knowledge- you are shaped through developmental structures- A girl from the Netherlands doesn’t have the knowledge box for a tornado watch, so she’s scared…what does she do?- Now, she has a knowledge structure for tornadoes- Keep building new knowledge boxes will make you more media literate- Physical world experiences- Not just facts- The “how” “why” & “what” - Context for new information - Help to see “the big picture”- Someone who reads a book first will have a knowledge structure and appreciate the movie more, vice versa- Apple 1984 advertisement- We’re shaped by what we experienceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Iranians perform prayers-men and women are not equal, gender separated, women have to cover themselves, men wear colors, women wear black and white, these are knowledge structures that people know because they have learned about it and know about this religion’s traditions2) Personal locus (agency)- Goals & drives that affect information processing- Goals: What is ignored, what is processed- Drives: Motivation to invest effort- Awareness of goals/drives- Unaware-state of automaticity- Make sure you know what is motivating you - What do you ignore and what do you pay attention to?- What is it that you personally will see/notice and what is it that you are going to choose to ignore?- What are your motivations for seeing certain things/ paying attention to certain things?- If you’re unaware, you’re in a state of automaticity, idea of agency!- You could be the master of your own destiny if you have personal locus3) Information processing competencies/skills- Competencies: e.g. reading, learned early on in life, having them is not necessarily media literacy but if you don’t have them you will have a harder time in life- i.e. If you cant read or write, you will have a hard time being media literate- Learned early in life- If you have it, it does NOT make you media literate - BUT not having it = preventing literacy- Skills: e.g. analysis, evaluation- Acquired throughout life- Like muscle: work-out matters- Have more or less of it (scale)- Skills more key to ML- Interpreting a photograph- Analyze, evaluate competencies that you have to work for your entire life.- i.e. that feeling that spring break is coming up and you need to go to the gym!- More like riding a bike once you have it you will keep that knowledge4) How we process- Filtering—what is ignored/ attended to- Meaning matching—recognizing elements in messages- Meaning construction—construct your own meaning- Meaning construction level=ML- Ignore versus pay attention to- Then we start matching meaning, we recognize certain elements- Start meaning construction where you try to analyze what is going on there- Dove and flag image-what do you see and what do you ignore?- blue skies=good weather- glare-sun- flag=patriotism/pride- innocence, patriot, constructed imageBeyond Potter… Media Literacy makes you a smart media consumer BUT ALSO Makes you a smart producer of media contentII. Media literacy: Understand influencing factors1. Maturation- (Cognitive)- Piaget: cognitive phases of development until 12- Attention to TV: 6 months old- 5-7: only 10% understand the goal of an ad- 8-10: understanding characters & plots- There are cognitive phases in a childs life!- Just by growing up you develop certain skills- For example, little babies pay attention to screens! They cant help but pay attention- Start to figure out the logic of media content2. Maturation- (Emotional)- Emotionally hard-wired: anger, fear, disgust, love- BUT:- Cognitive development helps us to understand (and feel!) finer nuances of emotion within large emotional groups• ROMANTIC LOVE: infatuation, crush, lust, jealousy, in like, smitten, attracted, hopelessly, sole-mate, hate• Emotionally-basic emotions kids feel based on needs• We come wired with potential to feel all of these emotions• As we mature, we mature emotionally• Layered, new feelings, deeper feelings, love can mean so many different things3. Maturation- (Moral)- Moral values are learned- Stages:- (1)Pre-conventional & (2) Conventional (2-8)- Weak inner controls- Dependent on authority- Avoid punishment- (3)Post-conventional (mid-adolescence on)- Think abstractly- Understand ideals behind laws- Make ethical decisions - Develop moral values over time- Act morally to avoid punishment2. Natural Abilities- Born with them- Need exercise- Low levels can be strengthened- If you have low levels of these natural abilities you can improve on them- Extensive!- We are getting deeper and going inside of biology and cognitive makeup- The types:o Field independencyo Crystalline intelligenceo Fluid intelligenceo Conceptual differentiationo Emotional intelligenceo Tolerance for ambiguityo Nonimpulsiveness1) Natural abilities: (Field independency)- Can you see through the clutter?- Field independent: identify what is important- Field dependent: remember clutter and some of what’s important- Retain less information because it is not well organized cognitively- Automaticity: No sorting through clutter- If you are field independent, you can focus on the goal at hand- What does it mean to be field independent versus field dependent?- Field dependent, you are attaining less info because you’re all over the place- The information doesn’t get tucked away nicely and its not well organized- Hop from one topic to another- Automaticity you give up! Let the clutter take over you- Potter says cut through the shit and get to the main point!- FIELD INDEPENDENCY=NOT LOST AND