1. True or False:(1) Semiconductor memory will not replace magnetic disks in desktop and server computersystems in the near future.(1) Computer systems achieve 99.999% availability ("fivenines"), as advertised.(1) Computer components fail suddenly,with little warning.(1) Amdahl’slaw applies to parallel computers.(1) You can predict cache performance of Program A by analyzing Program B.(1) Linear speedups are needed to makemultiprocessors cost-effective.(1) Scalability is almost free.2. (3) What is the goal of the memory heirarchy? What twoprinciples makeitwork?3. (10) What do the following acronyms stand for:SMT SMP MTTF SRAMCOMA ATM RAID DIMMNUMA MPP DSM ROMCMP WAN TLB CDMIMD SIMD DDR SDRAM PCI-1-Short Answers:4. (3) What is false sharing?5. (3) What is a cluster?6. (3) What is the difference between connection-oriented and connectionless communication?7. (3) Give three techniques used to reduce cache hit time.-2-8. (4) Explain the interaction between prefetching and increased block size in instruction caches.9. (4) What is Cache Coherence, and whyisitnecessary?10. (4) What is a victim cache, and howdoes it work?-3-11. (4) Briefly describe interleavedmemory and howitworks.12. (4) Describe the difference between shared memory and message passing machines. Includethe impact on design, cost, speed, and programming model.-4-13. (12) Giventhe following data:Hit time for direct-mapped L2 cache = 10 clock cyclesLocal miss rate for direct-mapped L2 cache = 25%Local miss rate for 2-way set associateive L2cache = 20%Miss penalty for L2 cache = 100 clock cyclesWhat is the impact of second-levelcache associativity on the miss penalty?-5-14. (12) Assume that an L2 cache has a block size four times that of an L1. Showhow a miss foran address that causes a replacement in L1 and L2 can lead to a violation of the inclusion prop-erty.-6-15. (12) Givenadisk with the following parameters:Av e rage seek time = 5msTransfer rate = 40MB/secRotation speed = 10,000 RPMController overhead = 0.1msAssuming there is no queueing delay,what is the average time to read or write a 512-byte sector?What is the time assuming the average seek time is 3 times that of the measured seek time?-7-16. (12) In this question you are to calculate the time to transfer 1000GB of data using 25 8mmtapes via an overnight delivery service, vs sending the data by FTP overthe internet. Makethefollowing 4 assumptions:The tapes are picked up at 4PM Pacific time and delivered 3000 miles awayat10AMEastern time (7AM Pacific)On electronic route A the slowest link is a T3 line, which transfers at 45M bits/secOn electronic route B the slowest link is a 100M bit/sec EthernetYoucan use half of the capacity of the slowest link between the twositesHowlong does it taketoelectronically transfer the information via route A?Route B?Using Overnight
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